A Garden Lover in my family Essay

It gives me immense pleasure to talk about a garden lover in my family. As we all know gardening is a creative activity in which nature is made to order. Garden provides inexhaustible sources for paintings and poems all over the world and it is a home for many species of birds and flies which lend charm to the verdant looks of the garden. The heartening sounds of birds distract us from the monotonous regimen of our daily lives. My father is a garden lover. He devotes his leisure time in gardening. I think it is natural in human that he likes gardens. After all the first man Adam and first woman hawa ever lived in the garden of Eden. He has a piece of plot to practice and pursue gardening. There he has varieties of crops and vegetables and a couple of fruit trees. The vegetables include spinach, bitter guard, chillies, tomato, lady’s finger, cucumber etc. Also there are roses, jasmine which turn the garden into a rich feast of colors to eyes. The fruit trees include mango, bana na and guava. Many birds visit the garden and some lives there. Gardening keeps him physically fit, mentally alert and fresh. The air here is fresh, fragrant and invigorating. The atmosphere is quiet’ calm and soothing. Gardening involves digging, weeding, cutting, grafting, watering, maturing and tilling of the soil. These activities give him sufficient physical exercise to keep me bodily fit and mentally alert. Many of our friends and relatives appreciate his hobby and skills in it. Moreover we help him in maintain the garden during our spare time. Plants are as sensitive as we human beings are. They react to our actions of love, affection or cruelty. But one requires a very sensitive heart and acute senses to understand their language. He never feels lonely, sad, unemployed or bored because of his hobby. Plants, flowers, birds and butterflies give us a pleasant and delightful company. We feel amidst them very happy and fortunate. There are beauty, pleasure, education and instructions in their company. Sometimes, he seeks help and advice from a gardener as well. He spends all his pocket money in purchasing seeds, manure, fertilizer, gardening implements or books on gardening. He never misses a program on gardening if it is there on the television. He also visit flower-shows, vegetable and fruit exhibitions. The delight he derives from gardening helps him a lot in concentrating on his working. He feels more close to nature and  God when he is in his garden. To him gardening is like a prayer. It inspires his imagination and gives him noble thoughts. We are nearer God when we are in the garden because in the garden there are peace, calmness, beauty, pleasure, colors, coolness, purity and leisure. And these are some of the qualities closely associated with God.

The Battle of Algiers (1966): Movie Review

[Author] [Course Code] [Instructor] [Date] The Battle of Algiers (1966): Movie Review On the 1st of November 1954, FLN guerillas attacked civilian and military installations in several parts of Algeria. The FLN hierarchy called on the Muslims in Algeria to restore the dignity and independence of the Algerian state. It was a bad opportunity to negotiate for independence.Just a few months ago, the French government had liquidated its claims in Indochina. On the 12th of November, the French National Assembly voted for the partial militarization of Algeria.The FLN were comprised of nationalist groups which asserted for the independence of Algeria. The FLN was a ‘sick’ organization, as one European observer noted. It was ruthless, subjective, and idealistic. It coerced students, farmers, and the masses to join in the independence movement. It also garnered support from both Communists and right-wing nationalists, without due consideration of repercussions. The movie begins wi th a short narrative of captured guerillas.The civil war between the Muslim Algerians and the Europeans had become a regional conflict. The French government ordered the deployment of French paratroopers to destroy the National Liberation Front. The paratroopers successfully hunted down members of the FLN. Indeed, many of its leaders were either assassinated or illegally detained. The film portrays France as the victor. However, the film ends with a short sequel portraying massive civil unrest and demonstrations against French rule in Algeria.The ruthlessness of the French Army had fueled the anger of the Algerian people. Although France won the Battle of Algiers, it had clearly lost the war. The movie is filmed in black and white. Its visual sense approaches that of a documentary, or rather the movie ‘The Desert Fox’ (1950). The apparent purpose is to create an atmosphere of despair and anxiety – to provoke the viewer to take sides and assert for interpretive au tonomy. Music and sound are important elements of imagery.The director uses classical motifs to highlight important events in the film and to heighten its emotional appeal. This is also done to evoke image parallelism – the elegance of music as representation of mass murder and torture. Indigenous Algerian music is added to emphasize the ‘danger of nationalistic terrorism’ or rather to symbolize the quest for independence. The FLN insurgents used guerilla warfare to wear the French down. But unlike in Vietnam, the French were able to contain FLN attacks.The reason is obvious. Guerilla warfare was not suited in Algerian geography. FLN guerrilla warfare was directed to top French military and political officials. The idea was to destroy the French hierarchy and replace it with a more palpable political organization. French counterinsurgency program was divided into two phases: liquidate the FLN in rural areas, and contain FLN threat in urban areas. Both strategies failed because the FLN were massively supported by the civilian population.

Assessment for learning Essay Example for Free (#9)

Assessment for learning Essay Learning is an innate capability of a person. People perceive things and learn through their experiences while they grow up and develop accordingly with their ages. Aside from the normal people who learn in the normal way, there are off course other people who are above normal, after which learn through special trainings and conditioning. People learn accordingly with their capacity to gain information and store it in their minds. It is not only by sending children to school that they are learning but also through their real life experiences that require not only for their intelligence but also for their emotional skills. In determining the learning rate of a certain group, it is very important that the surveyor is able to gather the information about the specific group such as age range, family background, nutrition of the students and other factors that actually affect the learning activity of a person, be it a cognitive or conditional learning. There are also specific tests that can be given to the students or the target learners to have written and documented results. Suppose I chose the pool of elementary students that includes children ranging from 10-11 years old. These children are already exposed to a large scope of media that portray the different roles and scenarios in the society. If I am to analyze their emotional intelligence, I would give them examinations that can determine how well they interact with other students such that they will be told to work on groups. Through the activity, students with good family background can actually have the bigger possibilities of leading the group thus causing peace whenever other children tend to fight for what they believe. Off course there will be passive kind of children and the best tool to give or offer them are group dynamics that can actually unleash their inner talents. That is also possible if the conductor of the test is encouraging and enthusiastic. In terms of academic assessments, children on this age range can be fed with lectures and practice activities such as solving math problems or subject and verb agreement. In my past experiences as a child, it is very effective for me that children will be given the chance to construct their own sentences and math problems. After that, children will be asked to solve and analyze what they do and have it in group discussions. Group discussions can help the children to gain other ways of solving such problems and understanding different sentences. It is also helpful that the teacher follows up the development of the understanding of a student. Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the lesson is necessary thus providing them devices and strategies that can help them understand more the difficult points. Specific tools that can be used in assessing the ability of a person in Mathematics and English can be flash cards and reading literary pieces (stories, anecdotes) respectively. Both can add up to the expertise of a student to the subject matter. Every child deserves the right for education. For those who can’t afford it, there are still many ways to supply your children with it; either tutoring them every day or enrolling them a school that caters scholarships. It is vital to feed the children with knowledge while they are young and still can acquire and save them to their memories. The value of education is much more priceless than any treasure in this world: not fading but still growing through ages. QCA WEBSITE. Assessment for learning. Retrieved 1 May 2008 from http://www. qca. org. uk/qca_5067. aspx Assessment for learning. (2017, Jan 11).

Gordon Rule- Ethics In Communication Research Paper

Gordon Rule- Ethics In Communication - Research Paper Example Ethical communication includes being honest in all communications, keeping confidential information undisclosed, and not discussing personal or business situations of others in public or in front of someone that has got nothing to do with it. Ethics play an essential role as far as communication is concerned. In order to make communication a successful one, it is important that we implement ethical principles. This encourages the communication climates of caring and mutual understanding that respect needs and characteristics of communicators. The importance of ethics of care and responsibility in a communication is quite clear. Applying ethical frameworks in communication contribute to the well-being of families, communities, and society. Moreover, it emphasizes an ethic of caring and commits to the courageous expression of personal opinions in pursuit of fairness and justice. Implementing ethics in communication also builds a sense of care and responsibility between the communicators such as advocate sharing information, opinions, and feelings when facing some complex situations along with respecting privacy and confidentiality. These principles also result in effective group communication, such as teamwork, critical thinking, creativity, and diversity in the workplace. Thus, ethical communication in groups means that group members respect and encourage diverse opinions, do not tolerate communication that degrades others. Maintain privacy if an important information is shared by a group member. Lastly, make a habit of listening and understanding the situation first before evaluating and critiquing. It is absolutely wrong to come up with a conclusion without giving a chance to person to justify himself.

Angolas Tourism Infrastructure Development Research Paper

Angolas Tourism Infrastructure Development - Research Paper Example There exist a relationship between infrastructure and the tourism development. Measures to gauge the level of economic growth are based on the infrastructure development and standards of living. The tourist inflow would depend on the efforts of any central government to invest in infrastructure. Angola being an emerging economy in Africa needs to invest majorly in the infrastructure in order to realize its full capacity. Stiff competition from the south and East of Africa poses major challenges towards the overall performance of the country as a tourist hub (Hottola, 2009).   In order to suggest models be used by Angola in improving infrastructure and promoting tourism, the current economic status will be examined. The research will be based on the African Development Bank statistic to gauge the amount allocated by the government in both infrastructure and tourism. The sources of funding towards this project will be important in projecting the future capacities. Mazivila (2014) data will be used as Macroeconomic Indicators where status, estimates and future projections. The stability of Angola compared to other SADC members will determine the future strengths and weaknesses while investing in infrastructure and expanding current capacity. Foreign investments will establish Angola’s Income and government’s alternative sources of revenue. Trading Economics (2014) will give an insight of Angola’s foreign direct investments since 2004.  Infrastructure being the major concern in the tourist industry, the research will focus on the time factor. This will include the period used to procure documents that will enhance infrastructure development (The World Bank, 2005). The time taken in this country will compare Angola to other countries with developed tourism infrastructure (World Travel & Tourism Council. 2012).

Isaiah verse 1.1-2.1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Isaiah verse 1.1-2.1 - Research Paper Example The book and the verses even depicts about the different displays of cruelty and wickedness practiced by the kings on the Jewish followers. The different developments of the books hence reflect on the political and social developments that have been evident within the kingship of Jerusalem. Furthermore, the book develops and provides a better insight towards the fact that â€Å"Lord† is for the overall universe and is not secluded for a particular class or race. Commendably, in the book the prophet develops a better understanding towards the sins that may be bestowed on the evildoers or the cruel people of the earth (Broyles & Evans, 1997). With this emphasis, the research provides an in depth understanding of the different approaches and diverse statements provided by the prophet are developing a better understanding of the wickedness of the people that has been prominent within the society. The diverse needs of the research attempt developing an effective understanding towards the wrath of God that may fall upon people owing to their improper practices according to the verses in Isaiah 1.1-1.2. In the first verse, Isaiah depicts his views towards the different types of wicked approaches adopted by mankind for developing their lifestyle on the earth. The wicked approaches of mankind, with the political intention towards developing a hold on the society has been creating a strong negative impact on the social progression and a diverse impact on the social lifestyle of people. The prophet proclaims that this type of attributes will never be acceptable by God and would be dealt severely for such occurrences (Calvin & Calvin, 2000). Over the recent decades and centuries, human kind has always been indulged into some or the other kind of punishable offences that has been creating a degree of distress within the social system. This practices that were prominent within the Jewish society in Israel and Judah has been noted to be

Credit Crunch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Credit Crunch - Essay Example This paper briefly analyses the major reasons for the credit crunch started in the last year. The major reason for the current financial crisis is the unwise lending habits of the financial institutions like banks. â€Å"Banks found ways to increase the number of mortgage loans through strategies such as interest only mortgages, 100% mortgages and lending to people with poor credit histories† (Who is to Blame for Credit Crunch?). American public have the habit of spending all the money they earned without saving anything for the future. When they are need of money they approached the banks and the banks were ready to give them loans as much as they required, without assessing their financial capabilities. Banks never calculated that an economic crisis like the current one may happen in near future. The banks thought that the global economy is a renewable source. They consider it as an ocean of wealth which will never be exhausted. The allocation of resources in the case of a bank is mainly the loans of different forms to the customers. This allocation has not been don e properly by the banks. They have allotted loans to all the people irrespective of the financial strengths of the customers. They have not conducted any reviews to assess the financial setups of the customer at present and also they failed to forecast the future. On the other hand, the greedy customers accepted all the offers from the banks with both hands. They have approached the banks for everything and the banks were ready to fulfill their dreams. The banks were too focused on selling their goods or services rather than buying the goods or services. They thought the success of banking business rest on selling rather than purchasing. They never bothered too much about the returns against the services they provided. In their opinion, American economy was capable of facing any challenges or threats from the

Utilitarian conservation or presevation movement Essay

Utilitarian conservation or presevation movement - Essay Example nment of the United States through the US army corps as well as the US Forest Service have played a pivotal role in ensuring that the conservation was achieved. In their mandate, there was need to prevent unprecedented human influence on nature. Through the conservational efforts, the government and other conservatisms managed to protect the nature (McPhee 3-45). Since the movement was initiated, the utilitarian conservation that has been dominant in the modern day spheres. Both the US army of Engineers as well as the US forest service has stood firm on the support of utilitarian conservation. Since the conservation methods that were used in the utilitarian movements protected and preserved the nature, contemporary conservation movements have also drawn from these ideas. US forest service and the US army advocate for allowing the nature to take its course in various areas because of this movement. The movement has only permitted human interventions when there are very critical situations demanding the human involvement. Human interactions with the environments help in defining the needs for the nature. There are many people whose interaction with the environment has led to the degradation of the environments. The human behaviours have threatened the environment including the animal species in the natural habitats (Abbey 55-87). Studies have shown that the enlighten stage gave the utilitarian conservation movement the relevancy that it has today. With the ideas that were used in the utilitarian movement, the contemporary conservation techniques can now find a leeway. After a period, the enlightenment and knowledge on how to conduct preservation is achieved. The US army as well as the US forest service helps in ensuring that the goals of the utilitarian movements are achieved. Conservation of the environment is a mandatory subject that every stakeholder in the government should be concerned about. Conserving the environment helps the future generations and races in

Mixed Blood Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mixed Blood - Assignment Example I believe that the writer is right in questioning the existence of the term â€Å"race† in our minds. Since most people believe it is a biological entity. However, one must remember that there are no biological tests that can help classify humans into different races. The author puts a question in all our minds but then answers them simply with scientific explanation. He concludes that race is nothing but a fantasy of the human mind. Human beings are one species and therefore can engage in mating. Two people from any part of the world can mate and produce a child who is sterile thereby vindicating that there is absolutely no biological or genomic difference between any races whatsoever. He further explains the origin of man and writes that man originated in Africa from where he migrated to different parts of the world. Genetics plays an important role here since random mutations, genetic drifts and other genetic changes were induced into the genome of man to help him in his survival in different surroundings. The survival of the fittest theory helped Nature select the genetic changes which were best suitable and hence this gave rise to the varying phenotypical features that we find today in different parts of the world. The writer skillfully presents his viewpoint that race cannot and should not considered a biological entity as well since this classification itself is without nay proper basis. Study of genetics can help people understand that the different features that have been inherited as a result of genetic changes are best suited for survival and are not a base for

The benefit Consuming organic and whole foods Essay

The benefit Consuming organic and whole foods - Essay Example This leads to the food being less healthy. During processing, there is the addition of preservatives, and artificial coloring, which might affect an individual’s health negatively. There is no processing of whole foods and they do not have any unhealthy additives. Whole foods as well do not have added salt or sugar, which might contribute to high blood pressure or obesity. The human body only handles the natural salts or sugars in food (Gussow 4). It is healthier to eat organic food than inorganic food. This is because they lack chemicals and pesticides. Some types of organic foods have high levels of vitamins, as well as, proteins compared to inorganic food. Animals that feed on organic food are as well more healthier compared to animals that feed on inorganic food (Edward 26). Consumption of organic and whole food is not only important for individuals’ health, but also important as far as the environment is concerned. For example, they do not lead to fertilizers or pesticide run-off, which go to the streams or rivers. Such chemicals contaminate water and results in the destruction of habitats. Some pesticides contain toxins, which contribute to health problems like cancer (Benbrook

“SALVATION” by Langston Hughes Essay Example for Free

â€Å"SALVATION† by Langston Hughes Essay â€Å"Salvation† is an account of a young boy of twelve of his experience with his faith. It tells the story of a Langston who at this impressionable young age, became confused by the accounts of the other members of this congregation and his own personal experience with salvation. The setting of this story is in a healing mass, in a gathering of the faithful, headed by the priests to celebrate salvation. It depicts a set of frenzy to the point of fanaticism. The concept of faith, whispered into the open and impressionable minds of the youth, who honestly did not have any concept of their own at that time. Langston was not yet jaded, nor cynical. He was but 12. He really did want to be saved. He really did want to experience seeing the light. (Hughes,1940) However, his experience inside the church exacted the opposite of the fervor in faith that his elders expected. He gave the appearance to be no different from the others who claimed to have seen the light. Yet, in him, the darkness seemed to grow because he knew for himself that it was a lie- to escape the pressure and apparent humiliation he was receiving from steadfastly waiting on the bench, to honestly see Jesus, in the light. After the event, it appears that his innocence was shattered, his eagerness for salvation turned into disappointment and his faith shaken into unbelief. In his innocent young mind, he must have felt disappointed that he was abandoned by the savior everybody claimed to have seen. In his young mind he felt ashamed that he lied to everybody in order to spare himself and his kin the shame of being one who was different, one who was not able to see â€Å"the light†. Most importantly, he felt hurt that the â€Å"Jesus did not come to help him. †(Hughes,1940). He must have felt rejected-a devastating blow to an adolescent who, at that stage in life, seek the guidance of and acceptance into society. Since the society he lived with was centered on their faith, he as a young person, must have felt that he could only be part of that society if he claimed to see what the rest of them saw. His deception must have ate at him from inside because though he wanted to be genuinely part of the society, he knew he could not claim to be in his heart, because he had lied. It may have seemed to him that a welcome into a society based on a perceived lie was no good at all; more importantly, a welcome into the Faith was worthless if it was founded on a falsehood-a falsehood he was forced to tell because of the undue pressure that was seemed to have been placed on a young person as himself. Based on this narrative, there are a lot of assumptions one may make as to the resulting religiosity, or lack of, of Langston Hughes. His encounter with disappointment in his faith may have led him to be a skeptic all throughout his life. It might have made him question all the doctrines of the Church preached to the faithful that required them to believe in the unseen. However, he might have been forced to appear adherent to the practices and outward manifestations of being a member of the church. He might have been forced to go on living the lie he started with, yet inwardly being unconvinced. However, an opposite scenario might also be speculated upon. Adolescence is a trying time for a person and whatever experience one might have had may lead to different realizations later in life. With Langston experience, it might also be that he eventually sought to discover for himself the true meaning of â€Å"salvation†. It might be that, his experience with his family and with the society he belonged to, eventually led him to be resolute in his own beliefs and stand by his own principles, in order to make up for that one big lie he had to tell when he was 12. Whatever path Langston Hughes chose to follow in terms of his religious faith, it was greatly influenced by that time in his life when he was â€Å"saved. † That point in his life would obviously be pivotal, in terms of his faith and of his ability to stand up to pressure. It might even have become a starting point for him to be a man, in charge of his thoughts, words, actions, and convictions. With regard to the lie he had told and the reasons why he kept it, one could only speculate. Yet, based on the author’s account, it must have been an act of self-preservation. Adolescents give such a high regard to acceptance. He might have stood by the lie to avoid reproach or castigation from his peers, from his superiors, from all the people who witnessed his â€Å"salvation. † He might have kept the lie to himself to avoid more pain from rejection, as he already felt rejected by Jesus Himself, when young Langston failed to see him as the others claimed to. (Hughes,1940) Another possibility was that he did not want to bring shame to his aunt, who most fervently played for his salvation. He knew that he would not be the only one who would be humiliated when he reveals that he did not see Jesus at all. His young heart aimed to please, and being the only child to be unsaved would cause a great disappointment to his devout aunt. Having to tell her that he lied about his â€Å"salvation† would cause her greater dejection, as she was the one who so zealously urged him to see the light. Whatever his reasons were for keeping the lie to himself, it may be attributed to his confusion with the concept of faith. His expectations and that of the other church-goers seemed to be complex and varied, Langston seemed to expect to wait until he saw the light and be saved before he could actually stand up and approach the priest and the rest of the young ones. The others seemed to expect him to see it at once. Failure to do so seemed to indicate a lack and what a horrible state that seemed to be, as depicted by the crowd’s passionate praying in order that the boy be â€Å"saved†. In the end, it appeared as if the lie was his real â€Å"salvation† at that moment. It was what saved him from the emotional persecution brought down by his peers. Furthermore, it seemed his innocence only made the matter more grave for the idea that he could only be saved by a lie appeared to be what was really tearing him up inside. In this same light, the poem â€Å"Unsaid is analyzed† as a parallel to this â€Å"Salvation. † It is a poem of six lines. It pertains to emotions and words that have no outlet, internal struggles that stay within a person. It speaks of the turmoil most people have inside themselves, trying to hide the most important things for unknown reasons. â€Å"Unsaid† is a simple, yet artistic way of conveying that all individuals feel more than what they reveal. Concealing emotions seem to be a necessity in society, suggests the poem. It supports that the things which are not expressed in words are also as real as the ones that can be heard by others. It also states that it seems to be a way of life, for everyone has something to hide inside himself. This poem supports, and is supported by the story â€Å"Salvation†, for both of these allude to a bottling of emotions, a concealment of true self. In â€Å"Salvation†, the author is â€Å"saved† by a lie which he had chosen to keep unto himself as to escape shame. However, it led him to a struggle with in himself. Inside, he is torn knowing it was wrong to tell a lie yet also understanding that he seemed to have no other choice if he wanted to be accepted. His thoughts and the resulting doubt in his faith are the â€Å"unsaid†. As the poem talks of keeping so many emotions locked up within, the story depicts how such â€Å"unsaid† sentiments affect individuals, especially as one as young as the author. On the other hand, the poem artfully describes the accompanying complex sensations to a thought left unuttered. In simple verse, it suggests images of strong moving emotions such as grief and love. It dares to suggests that most of human lives are lived within. It also defends that what people keep from others are as real as what they choose to reveal. All of this pertain to varying degrees of emotionality, in relation to those that are â€Å"unsaid†. Meanwhile, the story presents an example in the person of Langston. In the same way that the boy in the story had his own compelling reasons to lie, so do other individuals. There are countless explanations as to why people lie or people leave things unsaid. In any case, it seems to be either the basic instinct of self preservation or a noble intention to spare others of pain, that motivates such actions. The poem suggests its readers to validate the writer’s statements by recalling â€Å"letters that we write our dead†(Gioia, 1950). This last line enjoins readers to share in such sentiments by revisiting forgotten or buried feelings for people long gone, urging them to reminisce their own personal struggles with their emotions of having been unable to convey all their thoughts to their dead loved one. In relation to the essay of Langston Hughes, as a boy, he found himself confronting his own emotions as he cried when he went home after the mass. So as other people find themselves examining their own feelings, the boy Langston also found himself looking for the real reason for his tears. â€Å"Salvation† and â€Å"Unsaid† are both works that delve into the intricacies of human emotions. These give readers a feel of what internal struggle feels like. These present the resulting predicament of individuals who chose concealment as a means to cope with pressure exerted upon them by external factors. These works grab hold of readers by presenting an introspective mood. Ironically, as both works speak of concealment of thoughts, the essay by Langston Hughes is a move towards revelation, as he recounted his boyhood encounter with faith and narrated it in the eyes of a 12-yer old. The poem also attempts revelation by actually acknowledging that humans have hidden thoughts and sentiments they’d rather left unsaid. In this light, one can surmise that the parallelism in these two works not only lay in their allusion to hidden emotions. The manner by which the authors of these works eventually revealed their thoughts on this matter also follows a similar pattern. Ultimately, it appears that these two works are about human struggles inside and outside the self. These are about the experiences humans go through to find what they are looking for-be it themselves, their faith or other matters this world holds. REFERENCES: Gioia, Dana. †Unsaid† (details of your BOOK SOURCE for this poem) Hughes,Langston. â€Å"Salvation†. (details of your BOOK SOURCE for this essay)

Stages of Development Essay Example for Free

Stages of Development Essay Thus, he or she is â€Å"challenged† to identify which skills he or she lacks to reflect upon how to improve his or her thinking †¢ Stage Three: The Beginning Thinker wherein the individual is already taking steps to improve upon and understand his or her thinking. He or she is aware that improving his or her thinking is not just a necessity but a commitment †¢ Stage Four: The Practicing Thinker wherein the individual is not only taking the necessary steps to create a systematic way of thinking but he or she also criticizes if indeed the system is working. Self-reflection becomes a habit for the practicing thinker. †¢ Stage Five: The Advanced Thinker wherein the acquired system of thinking starts to pay off for the individual, gaining for him or her a deeper understanding of problems and better insight on the difference of egocentic and sociocentric thought †¢ Stage Six: The Master Thinker wherein the individual now has a fully integrated system of understanding and monitoring of thinking, that critical thinking is now intuitive. Master thinkers not only practice but are actively seeking ways to improve their thinking, exhibiting a deep commitment to the development of their consciousness Comparing the characteristics of each stage to his experiences, the writer concludes that he is at the Stage Three of Development Thinking. Since the writer has been exposed to different situations, people and philosphies, he is in the stage of seeking out his own system of thinking. Like a sift under a steady stream of sand, the writer opens himself up to a myriad of opinions, concepts and philosophies and tries to apply different aspects of these into his own consciousness. The Evolution of I I would like to think of myself as a rational thinker. In decision making, I seldom rush into actions without first analyzing each aspect of the problem at hand. I give weight to opinions, treating them as important factors in my reflections. However, I have the tendency to overthink things. My mind is sometimes deluged with so much advice and points of view that I sometimes lose my own thinking about issues. When this happens, I usually end up pleasing all sides and almost always regretting the decision. I have tried to create my own system of thinking which will aid me in decision making. My academic experience has been a rich source of these different systems since I am exposed to a myriad of individuals, each with his or her own unique thinking. In converstaions with friends, I would always probe their own systems of thinking in the hope of finding useful strategies to further my own system. One of the most common strategies that I have discovered is the technique of listing down the strengths and weaknesses or the pros and cons of each decision. I have adopted this technique and it is in this frame that I usually tackle problems. Although I have found it time consuming, listing down the differences between decisions gives me a clearer picture of their consequences. One instance of my application of this technique also happened in school. I was given a choice between which group to join for a final project in an English class. I could either join a group where the members were most of my friends or another group where all the members were merely acquiantances. My first reaction was to go with my friends since I was sure that I would enjoy doing the project. However, my subconscious implored me not to be rash and that was when I applied the pros and cons technique.

Resorts And Palaces Of Taj Hotels

Resorts And Palaces Of Taj Hotels Marketing is a prime asset of any companies in todays market. Marketing department is the backbone of any companies any d if the company doesnt have this can be called handicapped. It context to a hotel it also a has vital role, as the hospitality is a fast growing industry and has tough competition everywhere; so it is very important to be ahead of the competition. In this context marketing plays a fatherly role. Marketing department is the area which comes in contact with the customers and tells about the product and the services provided by the hotel and compare it with its competition. During this project the author has given the introduction and importance of marketing about marketing in comparison to a hotel. A brief about taj hotels palace and resorts has given in relation to its history and segment of customers served. The main objective of this particular project to learn, analyze and propose solutions wherever required to the various marketing strategies undergone by the Taj Palace, New Delhi hotel and also giving the reason for the proposed solutions to it. This project would also allow the author to know and learn about the city and would also allow the author to understand about the hospitality trends in the city. It would also help the author to understand the competitors of Taj Palace, New Delhi and providing significant reasons and facts for supporting the reasons of the provided solutions and suggestions. This will also help to learn about the city and will learn what the trends of hospitality in the city are. It will help to learn what strategies are the competitors of Taj Palace, New Delhi to compress it competition. Marketing: An Introduction For a business not to advertise is like winking at a girl in the dark. You know what you are doing but no one else does Stuart H. Britt, US advertising consultant Marketing is a social and managerial process to obtain they need and want through creating and exchanging products of what they need. Kotler defines marketing as The key to achieving organisational goals consist in determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors. marketing today helps in understanding the psychology of customers so that products can be innovated accordingly. . In the Hospitality Industry, leaders like the Taj Hotels Resorts Palaces, Marriott International, Hilton, Hyatt, etc are increasing their market share at the expense of smaller chains and independent operators because they possess a thorough understanding of marketing which is essential to ensure steady flow of customers. Marketing involves the following questions: How to find the right customers? Different products? How does one reduce cost of customer acquisition? The scope of marketing is quite broad. The implication is that the firm uses to acquire customers and manage the relation with them. The Kotler definition encompasses both development of new products and services and their delivery to customers. Marketing expert Regis McKenna expressed a similar viewpoint in his influential 1991 Harvard Business Review article Marketing is everything. McKenna argued that because marketing management encompasses all factors that influence a companys ability to deliver value to customers; it must be all-pervasive, part of everyones job description, from the receptionists to the Board of Directors. The Importance of Marketing in Context to the Hospitality Sector Marketing is one of the most important tool in the in the hospitality sector as well as other sectors which plays a major role. In other industries selling of products are sold is marketing but in the hospitality sector it is sold with a slight variance. In a hotel it is not the product it is the service that is provided to the guest. Both service marketing and goods marketing start with a crucial need identification and product design functions; goods generally are produced before sold and services generally are sold before produced. Service industry has less influence on comparison with the other industries. The influence is slow comparison to the industries. The customers who have not witnessed the product may have a different opinion. Goods marketers may be able to move prospective customers from brand awareness to brand preference with packaging, promotion, pricing and distribution whereas services marketers usually cannot. The services provided in a hotel are intangible. This type of service makes it more difficult to describe the services provided to the customers so the customers can only feel the services. Customers perception of risk tends to be high for services because services cannot be touched, smelled, tasted or tried on before purchase. Customers can try a new product like a test drive of a car but to experience the services of a hotel he has register as a guest in the hotel. Service marketers can create brand awareness and induce trial before the sale, but they demonstrate benefits and build brand preference most effectively after the sale. Superior service can only be felt it cant be packed and given to customers. Introduction to Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) is a subsidiary of Taj Hotels Resorts Palaces which is a part of the TATA Group which is Asias largest group and one of the finest and the oldest companies of India. The first hotel built by Taj was Taj Mahal Palace built in 1903 and it was built because Indians were not allowed to stay in prestigious hotels and not allowed in clubs during the British rule. This lead in the foundation of the Tata Group by Mr. Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata. The hotel alone stands for more than a century. The main development of the group started in the 70s under the leadership of the then Chairman and Managing Director, Mr. Ajit Kerkar. In the starting came the Rambagh Palace in Jaipur. They started with the concept of converting century old palaces into hotels, which is now USP of the Company. During the years many more hotels like Taj Coromandel and the Fishermans Cove, Fort Aguada Beach Resort were built. In the 80s the company came up with two more hotels in the capital city and Bangalore. These hotels are ethnic in nature and they are setup according to international standards. The Taj is symbol of hospitality in India and completed 100 years in 2003. Till date the company has 78 hotels including resorts and palaces. Out of which 18 are abroad which are in Malaysia, United Kingdom, United States of America, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Africa, the Middle East and Australia. In India it has 60 hotels across 45 locations like Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Goa etc. as the brand holds such diverse network it symbolises Indian hospitality in India and Abroad. The Managing Director, R.K. Krishnakumar says The vision for the Taj Group is for it to be a select chain, present globally. Asian, perhaps in character, but absolutely international in terms of systems and processes and with a strong West European focus. The way forward was to make sure that the entire Taj team is imbued with the missionary zeal to sell the brand. The Taj caters all types of hotels like luxury, business and premium. Amongst the clientele, international travellers form the bulk of the market for the Taj particularly in the metros. Even the profiles of the Indian customers are changing with time. Categories of Taj Hotels Taj Hotels Palaces and Resorts is an international hospitality group with strong roots in India. For the past 100 years they had build their own reputation on legendary properties, unparalleled facilities and impeccable service. They operate in the luxury, premium, mid market and value segments of the market through their following brands: Taj (luxury full-services resorts and palaces) is their flagship brand for the worlds most discerning travellers seeking authentic experiences given that luxury is a way of life to which there are accustomed. Spanning world renewed landmarks, modern business hotels idyllic beach resorts, authentic Rajput palaces and rustic safari lodges ,each Taj hotel reinterprets the tradition of hospitality in a refreshingly modern way to create experiences and lifelong memories. Taj also encompasses a unique set of iconic properties rooted history and tradition that deliver truly unforgettable experience. A collection of outstanding properties with strong heritage as hotels or palaces which offer something more than great physical product and except cal service. This group is defined by the emotional and unique equity of its iconic properties that are authentic, non-replicable with great potential to crate memories and stories. Taj Exotica is their resort and spa brand found in the most exotic and relaxing locales of the world. The properties are defined by the privacy and intimacy they provide. The hotels are clearly differentiated by their product philosophy and service design. They are centred on high and accommodation, intimacy and an environment that allow its guest unrivalled comfort and privacy. They are defined by a sensibility of intimate design and by their varied and electric culinary experiences, impeccable service and authentic Indian spa sanctuaries. Taj Safaris are wildlife lodges that allow travellers to experiences the unparallel beauty of the Indian jungle amidst luxurious surrounding. They offer Indias first and only wildlife luxury lodge circuit .Taj safaris provide sustainable ecotourism model. Premium Hotels (premium full-service hotels and resorts) provide a new generation of travellers a contemporary and creative hospitality experience that matches their work-hard play-hard lifestyles. Stylish interiors, innovative cuisine, hip bars and a focus on technology set these properties apart. The Gateway Hotel (upscale/mid-market service hotels and resorts) is a pan India network of hotel s and resorts that offers business and leisure travels a hotel designed, keeping the modern nomad in mind. At the Gateway hotel people believe in keeping things simple. This is why Taj hotels are divided into 7 simple zones stay, hangout, meet, work, unwind and explore. Ginger (Economy Hotels) is their revolutionary concept in hospitality for the value segment. Intelligently designed facilities, consistency and affordable are hallmarks of this brand targeted at travellers who value simplicity and self service. Client profile Taj hotels have a client profile consultation service provided wherein they diagnose the clientele needs and with that information they try and provide the required facilities to their customers. Generally Taj concentrates on the upper class of the society who can spend lavishly on the luxury provided. Vision The Taj group hotels commit itself to the overall improvement of the ecological environment, which all the people are a part of. We recognize that we are not owners but caretakers of the planet and owe it to our children and future generations of humankind. It is our endeavour not only to conserve and protect but also to renew and regenerate the environment in which we live and operate. Our commitment encompasses all actions related to our products, services, associates, partners, vendors and communities. We will partner and engage with our environment through EARTH: ENVIRONMENT AWARENESS AND RENEWAL AT TAJ HOTELS. For us earth is not a program, nor a process, it is a way of life. Mission Embrace talent and harness expertise to leverage standards of excellence in the art of hospitality to grow our International presence. Increase domestic dominance and create value for all stakeholders. Earth In an endeavour to reinstate its vision and efforts to boost sustainable tourism and integrate environment management in all business areas Taj hotels and resorts and palaces presents EARTH (ENVIRONMENT AWARENESS AND RENEWAL AT TAJ HOTELS) a project which presents and indicates the conscious effort of one of Asias largest and finest group of hotels to commit to energy conservation and environment management. EARTH has received certification from green globe the only worldwide environmental certification program for travel and tourism. Taj values PEOPLE DIVERSITY, INTEGRITY AND RESPECT PASSION FOE EXCELLENCE EXCEED EXPECTATIONS INNOVATIONS SENSE OF URGENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY JOY AT WORK Taj promises At the Taj group their commitment is to service excellence is rooted in our two guiding principles. One of Taj key priorities is to empower the people to deliver on their legacy of impeccable service3. Four steps of service are:- A warm and sincere welcome. Use the guest name, whenever possible. Fulfil guests need and provide anticipatory service. Defect free products and services. Fond farewell using the guest name, whenever possible. The following philosophy is a summary of our beliefs and values towards our employees. Introduction to Taj Palace, New Delhi Taj palace one of the most popular 5 star hotels to stay in Delhi it provides one of the best and marvellous international facilities and world class services to the guests. It has 461 rooms which attracts a majority of big shots of the state and government officials. Top business tycoons love to stay in the hotel during their business trips. The hotel is located is Sardar Patel Marg, Diplomatic Enclave near to Dhaula Kuan area. The national and international airport is just a 10 mins drive from the hotel. The hotel has 12 banquet halls with world class facilities for all kind of functions like meetings, seminars, weddings and casual parties. The capacity of the hall is around 700-1000 guests. The hotel provides all kind of recreational activities for its guests. The hotel look is all n different in the area. It is a perfect embodiment of all the qualities associated with Taj hotels, Resorts and Palaces. The luxurious and fabulous rooms are mainly divided into 7 categories superior rooms, deluxe rooms, Taj Club rooms, Executive suite, Grand Luxury Suite and Grand Presidential suite. The Grand Presidential suite is one of the rooms in the city in comparison to its competition hotels. The rooms have different views available as per the guest continence like garden view, pool view and city view. The hotel serves fantastic food in its 4 different restaurant specially the award winning Oriental express which provides excellent luxury and services to its guests and itself is one of the best restaurants in the city to dine in. Competitors of Taj Palace, New Delhi Though Taj Palace is well reputed hotel it faces tough competition. As the hotel is situated in Delhi which is the Metro city and the capital, there are many other five star properties of Taj and other brands, these hotels provide tough competition because they provide the same services in comparison with the hotel as they have market share with them. The Hotels providing immense competition are: ITC Maurya Sheraton, New Delhi: it is a 440 room property and it the main competition to the hotel as it is the nearest situated hotel. It is a Welcomgroup property and it provides world class facilitates to its guest. It is one of the most popular hotel for dinning in the city because of its world famous restaurant BUKHARA which specialise in North West frontier cuisine. The hotel truly creates magic on the hearts and the minds of the travellers with its luxury accommodation and its state-of-the-art facilities and warm hospitality. Hotel Hyatt Regency, New Delhi: located in the area of Bikaji Cama Place in South Delhi, this 520 room property provides state-of-the-art services to its customers and is one of the well reputed hotels in the area. This particular hotel provides a very tough competition to its competitors. The hotel provides all types of rooms from the poolside facing to executive rooms to The Presidential Suite. The interior of the hotel is bed-lighted with selective traditional art work, elegant furnishing, artful antiquities blended with some fabulous service provided by the well trained staff. Le Meridien, New Delhi: Situated in the Raisina Road, with its proximity to the shopping, commercial and cultural center act as a potent factor for this particular hotel. This Hotel a part of a very well reputed brand Le Meridien group of Hotels, is one of the most popular hotels present in the city. This 355 room property provide all types of rooms to its travellers from Deluxe to the presidential suites with all types of facilities ranging from in-room safe to high speed internet access in its rooms. Its Food and Beverage outlets providing different cuisines such as the Golden Pheonix (Chinese cuisine), Pakwan (North Western Frontier Cuisine), the Pierre (French Cuisine), Henris bar and Aloha bar gives this hotel and extra edge and gives a tough competition to the taj palace. The Oberoi Hotel, New Delhi.-The hotel reflects a nice blend of tradition and contemporary sophistication. The hotel is situated near to the city center, business, commercial and shopping districts. The hotel has a prestigious golf course on one side and on the other side it has a Humayuns tomb. Placed in the Dr. Zakir Hussein Marg, New Delhi, it is roughly 20 mins. Away from the airport. It has been awarded as the Best Hotel in Delhi and Among the Top 100 Hotels in the world by the Institutional Investor, 2009 the worlds best Hotels. This hotel has also being awarded with a number of other awards also such as The best hotel in Delhi by TTG Travel Awards, 2009 and Amongst best hotels and Resorts in the World by Forbes Traveller 400- the worlds best hotels and resorts 2009. This 350 room property provides all kinds of world class services to its travellers and hence is the biggest threats to the taj. Shangri-la-Eros Hotel, New Delhi: It is most centrally located hotel in the city. The hotel is situated in Connaught place which is like the lifeline of Delhi as the Business, Commercial and Shopping District definitely makes it one of the preferred hotels for the guest to stay into. It is 17 floor hotel which has 350 luxurious rooms which target both business and leisure travellers and is definitely popular 5 star property in the city. It is a very famous food and beverage out known as cafà © uno along with other outlets is famous among the guest who comes to the city. Taj Mahal Hotel, New Delhi: It is one of the distinguished properties in the capital city. It is the sister hotel of Taj Palace. The hotel is located in the lutyens residential place in Delhi. It is a landmark by itself. . Although it is located a bit far away from the airport approximately 40 mins., but is near to the bustling city center, Connaught Place, Pragati Maidan, Government Offices and Diplomatic Missions. This 294 room property also has been awarded as the 5 star diamond award by American Academy of Hospitality Radisson Hotel, New Delhi: This 5 star property in the National Capital Region, located less than 5 km from the Domestic and International airport of Delhi and the near to the business hub of Gurgaon, The Radisson Hotel is truly one of the easiest ways in which one can make its trip to Delhi a memorable one. The Radisson Hotel simply oozes luxury and promises its guest a stay with an experience of a lifetime. This 29 room property also gets an edge with its five Food and Beverage services; specially one of the famous Restaurants in Delhi i.e. The Kabab Factory truly gives an edge to this property. About The Capital City Delhi is capital city of India and is the largest metropolis by area and second largest by population. It also stands 8th in the world largest metropolis with more than 12.25 million inhabitant in the territory and over 15.9 million residents in the NCR (national Capital region) which includes Noida, Faridabad, Gurgaon and Ghaziabad. It is a modern city which has a history all around it. A tour of Delhi provides the visitors with much to see and admire ranging from the Mughal monuments to Modern Malls, from Traditional arts and crafts to trendy fashion shows. Delhi is a city which combines the historic and the modern in a unique way. Delhi was the second most visited place after Andhra Pradesh with increase in foreign tourist to 2.3 million in the year 2008 as compared to 2.01 million in the year 2007 and 1.9 million in 2006.It became the capital of India in the year 1911, after the British East India Company gained control of India during the 18th and 19th century and George V. the head of the East India Company decided to move back to Delhi and it announced it as the capital city of India. It was when the India gained independence from the British Rule, New Delhi was declared as its capital and seat of the government. New Delhi houses important offices of the federal Govt. including the parliament of India. With the estimated net State Domestic Product of the Fiscal Year of 2007 of Rs.1.82 billion (US$24.5 Billion) in nominal terms and Rs. 3,364 billion (US$69.8 billion), Delhi is the largest commercial center in Northern India. Delhi had a per capita income of Rs. 66,728 (US$1,450) in 2007 at current prices; it is the third highest in India after Chandigarh and Goa. Delhi has the largest and one of the fastest growing retail industries in India, because of which land prices are booming and it is currently ranked at 7th most expensive office hotspot in the world with prices at $145.16 per square foot. Along with its contribution in the economy, Delhi plays a significant role in being one of the hot tourist destinations in India because of numerous historical monuments present in the city. This can be seen with the example of many monuments of significance found in the city. With the Archaeological survey of India recognizes 1200 heritage buildings and 175 monuments in Delhi as national heritage sites. With the presence of the three worlds heritage sites i.e. The Red Fort, Qutub Minar and Humayuns Tomb along with the architectural marvels like the Jama Masjid which is Indias Largest Mosque and India Gate gives as extra edge of attraction for the tourist in Delhi. S.W.O.T. analysis of Taj Palace, New Delhi SWOT analysis is divided into 4 parts Strength Weakness Opportunity Threats Strengths It has the largest convention center which can handle 700 personals at a single point of time. The Orient express restaurant, one of the popular restaurants in the city, adds as an promoter to the hotel and helps in generating extra revenue. The hotel is located in one of the prime locations and is very near to the airport which is a 10 min drive. As it is centrally located so it has a well connectivity with the city. Hence, easy access to travellers. The rooms are divided into many types and also give the guests of option of different views as per guest connivance like pool view, garden view and city view. For a pick up and drop facility the guest has an option of one of most luxurious car that is JAGUAR. The 12 banquet halls can accommodate different types of function at the same time and which generates good revenue for the hotel. Its spacious rooms give a full luxury experience with some extra luxurious options as per convenience of the guest. It has the largest convention center which can handle 700 personals at a single point of time. The Orient express restaurant, one of the popular restaurants in the city, adds as an promoter to the hotel and helps in generating extra revenue. Weakness The lighting in the lobby gives it a very dull look which creates a dull atmosphere in the lobby and for the guest who enters the hotel for the first time. The parking area in the hotel is very less which generates problem during high occupancy and banquet functions. Staffing of the not adequate which again is a problem during high occupancy. It is located in an area in Sardar Patel Marg, which faces a massive problem of traffic jams which does keeps the traveller waiting on roads and hence, leads to reducing the curiosity of the traveller for visiting the hotel. Less aggressive promotional activities taken place by the hotel in order to promote their product which in turn looses out its customers. In comparison to its competitors the food and beverage outlets are very costly which again a drawback for the hotel. The Oriental Express restaurant mostly invites the guests to the restaurant instead of allowing the walk-ins. Opportunities To promote and generate more revenue the hotel should be more aggressive in the promotion of the hotel. To promote the hotel some activities like food fest and exhibition can be held to promote the hotel. The hotel should promote its food and beverage outlets to give stiff competition to its competitors for e.g. the oriental express which is a very famous restaurant should be promoted to give a good competition to ITC Maurya Sheratons Bukhara and generate more revenue. Different schemes related to room tariff should be made and be promoted so the occupancy be increased and generates more revenue. Contractual staff can be increased in order to provide efficient service to its guests during peak seasons. The parking area should be improved so that it gives convenience to guests which are a problem in the food and beverage outlets. Walk in guests should be allowed in the main restaurants like Oriental express so that it helps in increasing the revenue of the hotel. Threats There is a very tough competition of well known 5 stars in the city along with the upcoming hotels not only in the city but also in the NCR area are a big threat to the Taj Palace. The hotel should be more aggressive in promoting the hotel in the area of food and beverage and the aim should be eating up the market of is competition hotels. The food and beverage staff is not adequate which leads to customer dissatisfaction and leads to less revenue. There should be a specialized restaurant in the hotel as it is the latest trend in the hotel industry like its competition hotels has such as the Bukhara by the ITC Maurya Sheraton Dakshin by Sheraton, New Delhi Hotel aims at eating up the market demand of the Taj Palace hotel, which indirectly reduces the revenue of the hotel. Next door property by the ITC Welcomgroup i.e. ITC Maurya Sheraton aims at eating up the market share of Taj Palace. New Delhi Marketing strategies taken by Taj Palace, New Delhi The market strategies are mainly divided into 3 parts mainly Segmentation Targeting Positioning Market Segmentation Different marketing strategies are being used to promote the hotel and generate the max revenue where market consists of buyers, the buyers always by many reasons like needs, wants, locations, buying attitude and buying practices. For eg the needs and wants of the customers of a hotel in Goa will be different from the needs and wants of a guest in Cochin. The Taj Palace is a luxury hotel by categorization, if the geographical segmentation is taken then the hotel mainly aims to target all the leisure guests who visit the city as the hotel is near to the airport is also tries to cater all the business clientele who comes on business trips in the city and it also try to take in the function of these guests like business meetings, seminars and conferences. Taking the local crowed into consideration Taj Palace, New Delhi hotel tries to attract guest by providing them also with facilities of 12 banquet halls which can be used simultaneously and with 4 different types of Food and Beverage Outlets. It mainly aims at capturing the customers with upper and upper-middle classes i.e. mainly tourist or businessmen. Targeting The main target market has been set up by Taj Palace; it mainly aims at leisure and business clientele. As the hotel is situated the capital city the so the tourist who mainly visits the city are business and leisure. The leisure clientele will visit the city because of its history and historic monuments in the city which is a major attraction among the tourist. There are significant offers and packages provided by the hotel to attract the customers. They are mainly seasonal packages. They also try attracting the local by its four restaurants and twelve banquet halls which can cater 700 guests. It also aims at meeting the standards of the company with the fact of satisfying its customers and generating maximum amount of revenue. Over the years Taj Palace Hotel, New Delhi has been able to meet the objectives by generating maximum revenue by maximum guest satisfaction. Positioning Taj as a brand name in India which is something which is being accepted by the people of India as something with which they can associate themselves. It gives them a feeling of warmth and harmony to associate and a sense of pride in using the services of this brand. Taj Palace Hotel, New Delhi takes this as the opportunity to attract the travellers and guest to its hotel. This helps in attracting the local crowed as well as the domestic travellers towards the product they offer. With the name Taj which is associated with this hotel it helps the hotel in taking up the advantage to attract the foreign travellers who intend to stay in India and it is one of the branded hotels i.e. Taj Palace with which they associate India with, especially when it comes down to staying in Delhi. Delhi being the Capital of India and palace as a word associated with the brand name Taj creates a psychological effect in the minds of the customers and hence it helps in increasing the revenue for the hotel. Along with its rooms and extra facilities provided by the hotel, the Food and Beverage outlets such as the Oriental Express provided by the hotel have been welcomed by the locals as well as travellers. This helps in creating a well planned and a good promotional tool in creating the psychological effect in the minds of the customers and helps in create repeat customers and hence generating revenue. Critique by the author on the Marketing Strategies The position of the hotel is that it is well accepted by the local crowd and the visiting guests. The hotel is also well settled because it is now operating for many years and it is clear about its target market. The Taj Palace is one of the land mark hotels in the city and has been publicized at a very good rate and has been able to capture the market since a long time. The current scenario in the hospitality industry in the capital has completely changed, from the time the hotel was setup. Now there are a lot more 5 stars in the city which has given a stiff competition to Taj Palace and these hotels are eating up the market share of the hotel. If we compare the promotional strategies of Taj Palace with its competition it is clear that its competition is much ahead than Taj Palace. Activities like food festivals or using media as the source of promotion is very less. Even the sister hotel Taj Mahal is much ahead than Taj Palace. Significant difference in the market positioning of the hotel has been seen over the years

National Energy Plan Essay -- essays research papers

National Energy Plan  ¡Ã‚ §The balance between energy consumption and the environment have always seemed at odds with one another. Is it possible that the Alaskan National Wildlife Refuge could be opened to oil exploration without adverse effects to the environment? I believe it can. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Q.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What type of National Energy Policy do we have here? A.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Years of misguided federal and state environmental policies have raised the cost of production, failed to improve our nation's aging infrastructure, and dangerously increased America's dependence on unreliable foreign sources. The result: rising consumer utility bills, rapidly increasing gasoline prices, and rolling blackouts and brownouts. A fundamental imbalance between supply and demand defines our nation ¡Ã‚ ¦s energy crisis if energy production increases at the same rate as during the last decade our projected energy needs will far outstrip expected levels of production. Q.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is the current legislation? A.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In early 2001, President Bush unveiled his National Energy Policy Report and I feel that was a step in the right direction. It recommends environmentally sound changes to increase domestic supply, improve delivery, reform counterproductive regulations, and encourage energy diversity. Although more should be done to ensure that any new policies adhere to free-market principles, the plan provides a blueprint for reform.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More recently, the Energy Conservation, Research, and Development Act of 2003 passed the House of Representatives 246-180. It goal is to conduct a balanced, long-term research effort in the areas of Buildings, Industry, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies and Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure. Grants will be offered to develop and transfer various energy conservation technologies to the nonfederal sector.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some examples of funded projects Grants have been awarded to perform: (1) Research on high performance heat pumps; (2) research on thermally efficient commercial buildings; (3) research in vehicle engines; (4) research on high temperature materials; and (5) research on industrial separation processes. Congressman Chris Cannon (R-UT) praised House passage of a comprehensive energy plan designed to... ...s, that would indicate they are actually more reliable than fossil plants. Wind and Solar power can't come close to the capacity factors of nuclear power, for obvious reasons. The population of the United States and the World is growing rapidly, and even with significant conservation measures, demand for electricity will increase. This is particularly true if we can move a significant number of people from gasoline powered cars to light rail and electric automobiles, both of which require large amounts of electricity. Nuclear power is a proven, safe, and effective technology for production of electricity, and the technical issues of radiation control and waste management have long since been resolved. Q.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is your projection for the future? A.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A majority of people around these days grew up in a time where anything with the word  ¡Ã‚ §nuclear ¡Ã‚ ¨ in it causes them to flinch. Its just the way life was back the. I think America is going to have to adapt. Were stretched to the seams as it is right now so I cant see how we can go on much longer with out creating safe alternatives to out dependence on fossil fuels.

Around The World In Eighty Days: Summary :: essays research papers

Around the World In Eighty Days: Summary The title of the novel, Around the World in Eighty Days, is pretty much self explanatory. An Englishman, Phileas Fogg, places a wager that he can circumnavigate the world in 80 days. The events that occur throughout the novel describe his journey around the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phileas Fogg, the protagonist, was a lonesome person who lived with his paid servant. Mr.Fogg was thought to be rich although no one knew where his riches came from.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean Passepartout, Fogg's paid servant. A strange fellow who had held many different jobs, such as fireman and gymnast.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Detective Fix, an English detective who followed Fogg around the world because he suspected that Mr. Fogg was a bank robber.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aouda, a Parsee woman who was saved from a Setee by Fogg and Passepartout.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The antagonist of the novel was time, Mr. Fogg was pressured to arrive back in London within 80 days or otherwise lose his fortune.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My favorite character in the novel is Passepartout. Passepartout was an innocent Frenchman that just after being hired as Mr. Fogg's servant was told to pack for a trip around the world. Throughout the entire novel the reader is informed of all the peculiar habits of Fogg that Passepartout had to support.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My least favorite character is Fix the detective. He followed Fogg around the globe, he missed arresting him in India and Hong Kong through incompetence, and as soon as they arrived back in London, he did arrest Fogg but erroneously.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main conflict of the novel was time. Time caused a lot of pressure on Fogg; he had to get back to London on time or he would lose the money he wagered. Mr.Fogg and Passepartout were confronted many times with the problem of lost time; when time was lost extra effort and work had to be put in so as to make up for the lost time. The incident that made me happy was when the real bank thief was caught and Fogg was let out of jail with exactly enough time left to arrive in London on time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The one part that I would change is when Passepartout and Fogg are separated on India and then they meet up again coincidentally in Japan. I know that this is science fiction, fiction being the important word but still it is to something that is almost impossible to happen in real life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While Fogg and Passepartout were in the India jungle, they saw a woman, Aouda, who was going to be burned alive as a sacrifice. Fogg decided to attempt to save her.

Identity in Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North :: Season Migration North

Identity in Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North Season of Migration to the North by Tayeb Salih tells the story of a man searching for an identity he was unaware he had lost. Through his growing understanding of Mustafa Sa'eed's life, the central character eventually reconciles his own identity conflicts. Throughout Salih's novel the main character's identity is unclear. While the reader learns much about his background: educational, familial, and professional, his name is never mentioned. A surname is used in reference to his family, but is never applied to him. In once instance he is referred to by another character as "effendi" (85). This phrase, however, is an Arabic title roughly equivalent to "sir" rather than a name. The central character's namelessness serves to focus attention on another character with whom he develops an uneasy friendship: Mustafa Sa'eed. Mustafa entrusts the main character with his affairs after his death, including the key to a private chamber. When the central character enters the mysterious room and uncovers Mustafa's past, the identity conflict becomes apparent: †¦out of the darkness there emerged a frowning face with pursed lips that I knew but could not place. I moved towards it with hate in my heart. It was my adversary Mustafa Sa'eed. The face grew†¦ and I found myself standing face to face with myself. †¦a picture of me frowning at my face from a mirror. (135) Several parallels are drawn between the central character and Mustafa Sa'eed. Both speak English and had studied in London. Even though the central character had grown up in the village, his education and time abroad had made him as much an outsider as Sa'eed. Upon seeing his own reflection in the darkness, he believes it to be Mustafa, who he had grown to despise. As he moves closer to the object of his hatred, he discovers that he is "standing face to face with" himself. Mustafa represents to him all that he despises in himself.

Multimedia & Education Essay

With a vast array of educational sources available online or by using technology which is involved with multimedia, it is only inevitable that a great deal of teaching will be used this way. Advantages may include improved efficiency, interested learning and a sense of enjoyment for younger learners. Traditional classroom based teaching will need to work together with the advances of computer based learning to fulfil and expand the learners knowledge. Bibliography www. computerweekly. com www. mit. com www. nhs. com www. bbc. co. uk. As technology has evolved rapidly in and around our environment, public services are now steadily introducing multimedia and other forms of computer based applications. The Territorial Army (TA) and the National Health Service (NHS) are two that have evolved dramatically within the last ten years in relation to technology. The TA has several high-tech intelligence and weaponry applications and the NHS has such vital modern equipment all implementing some form of multimedia. With this it should only make sense that multimedia be included in another very important sector, Education. Within the last five years multimedia and education have bonded well to produce some very informative information. This has become readily available for children as young as two up to adults participating in education via adult learning schemes. The most significant and straightforward way to view these types of information is from the World Wide Web (WWW). The similarity between primary and university study is that they need to be online indefinitely. Although they need internet access it must not be a limited package. The connection they apply must be quick and effective otherwise users will establish a lackadaisical attitude towards the idea. Inside the last twelve months there has been a surge in primary and secondary schools in particular enquiring about wireless connections. Many schools are looking at this form of connection due to its low cost and flexibility. Laptops can be transferred from one classroom to another, rather than having a fixed station. An example of multimedia used within education is a project aimed towards disaffected children to encourage them back into learning. Interactive mathematics, composing digital music and building virtual 3D art exhibitions are some of the applications which are used and created. The main idea behind the project is to establish a stable bond between pupil and teacher with the use of I. T. Other outcomes which are hopefully achieved is the better retention of the technology they are using (both pupil and teacher). If the time for this technology is used wisely and productively with the school environment it could play and integral part in the pupils advances post education, however if the pupil is not receptive to new forms of teaching then the answer must lie elsewhere. Ian Peacock chairman of Hackney Council’s Education Committee said â€Å"We need to ensure that the children’s use of computers in the classroom provides some of the buzz they get from playing media-intensive games in their leisure time†. (ComputerWeekly, 2001). As education and multimedia within the ages of two to sixteen is of great importance, the education of the older age group should also be considered vital for those willing to expand their skills and acquire the relevant knowledge. This next form of learning via means of multimedia shows how far the technology has developed to cater for this age group. MIT Open Courseware is designed to: – ?Provide free, searchable, access to MIT’s course materials for educators, students, and self-learners around the world. ?Extend the reach and impact of MIT OCW and the â€Å"open courseware† concept. There is a wide variety of courses to opt for, from history to nuclear engineering. The site is aimed at self-learners who can log on anywhere in the world and start accessing information on their chosen subject. Lecture notes and assignments are all included just as if they were studying in University. This form of studying is very familiar at present with more than 2000 courses available on the internet reported by 1996. That number has grown progressively and there are courses available today to suit the majority of users whatever their subject. These online courses prove to be significant to those who maybe cannot afford fees towards university or who reside to far from any teaching institute. â€Å"We live in a very rural area. Access to quality educational materials is a 225-mile drive to the nearest library of any significance. † (Self Learner MIT, 2005).

Ptlls 008 Roles, Responsibilities Essay

Important to define the monetary value prior to listing the entities which may impress on my hold out Legislative indispensableness A duty to act fit in to the law as defined in an map of Parliament and usu every(prenominal)y enforceable through the courts. work out of cause A set of rules outlining how a soul in a particular profession or situation is expected to behave. Statutory code of Practice A Code of Practice approved by Parliament and allowable as evidence in either legal action. The tikeren guess (2004) Every Child Matters underpinned the Change For Children agenda.The profess came into being adjacent the death of Victoria Climbie. The Act is relevant to children and dangerous adults up to the age of 25. center on five specific outcomes for children Be hygienic Stay Safe whoop it up and Achieve Make a demonstrable contri howeverion Achieve scotch offbeat Protection of Children Act (1991) gave local regimen to investigates cases of child abuse. Saf eguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) introduced a vetting and barring service for those working with children and vulnerable adults. Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks (previously CRB checks).Code of Professional Practice (2008) introduced by the livelihoodlong acquire Sector. The code is based on 7 demeanours expected of instructors. Copyright Designs and Patents Act (1988) relates to copying and adapting materials. The Data Protection (1998) relates to tuition held on people by differents. procreation and Skills Act (2008) aimed at increasing lodge in cultivation. The Equality Act (2010) brought all the areas of discrimination race, sex, disability, race into one Act. The 2010 Act identifies 9 areas of discrimination. Freedom Of Information Act (2000) individuals can ask to see the cultivation held on them Health and Safety At Work (1974) imposes obligations on all to course within a safe and healthy environment Human Rights Act (1998) prefatory righ ts for all The Further Education teachers Qualifications (England) Regulations (2007) professional status for teachers in FE and a qualification driveway GRAVELLS, A. (2012) Preparing To Teach In The Lifelong study Sector 1. 2 Analyse proclaim responsibilities for promoting par and valuing motley The definition of equality is to treat everybody as, especially in terms of status, rights and opportunities.The 2010 Equality Act brought together a number of different pieces of legislation which pith it is unlawful to discriminate against people on the commonwealths of pay, sex, race and disability. Diversity subject matter being aware that every person is unique, non only because of their visible differences such(prenominal) as race, age or disability, but also non visible differences, religion, social background, economic status or political beliefs. inclusion is close being objective and face beyond first impressions. Its about diversity and breaking d admit barriers, e ver-changing lives and promoting equality.Within my office its Copernican for me to base my practice around the concepts of equality, diversity and inclusion and keep an untied mind. Without an open mind I may non indorse all people equally to recognise their potential drop and achieve their aspirations. dissimilitude could then be argued to have occurred as scholars would not have been treated equally. concomitant to my consumption as a potential facilitator would be the areas of Differentiation Preconceived stereotypes hurt a wide variety of views usage of culturally diverse images and resources Learning support where assign 1. 3Evaluate have got role and responsibilities in lifelong schooling Reflective Journal lengthiness A It is important to consider this question in relation to internal and external influences. My role as a facilitator is connected to the Learning Cycle. The cycle consists of five reoccurring elements. It is appropriate for me to practice thi s question fling simulations for each element. bring out need. Role arranging surveyments to identify school-age child need in particular in the nominate skill areas numeracy, literacy and ICT Responsibility offering information, advice and guidance on the contents of the course formulate scholarship Role planning schemes of work and when it will be taught Responsibility figure a scheme of work, lesson plans and resources Deliver/ drive learning Role establish ground rules Responsibility dish out with inappropriate behaviour as it arises Assessing Learning Role assess progress whether it be for internal purposes or national examination bodies Responsibility offering feedback to students Evaluation Role improve the training and learning process Responsibility rate session taught perhaps through student reflective journals1. 4 Review own role and responsibilities in identifying and meeting the ask of apprentice Reflective Journal Annex B To meet the needs of t he learner, firstly I would conduct an initial assessment, particularly in the areas of advert skills literacy, numeracy and ICT. This would enable two myself and the learner to identify and agree areas where special support was required to enhance learning Secondly I would negotiate singular Learning Plans (ILPs) to enable both the learner and myself to set targets and monitor outcomes.Thirdly I would initiate regular tutorials where individuals could receive apply individual attention where achievement could be celebrated and support and help offered. Lastly, I would constantly be mindful of barriers to learning whether this be learning or personalised ones. In such cases where there were issues depending on the nature of these issues I would either deal with them myself or guidepost the student to an appropriate professional 2. Understand the relationships between teachers and other professionals in lifelong learning 2. 1Analyse the boundaries between the teaching role an d other professional roles There are three areas on which I call up to focus. First the teachers time is limited it therefrom may be appropriate to nominate a student to another professional, for example if the students wishes to discuss their career ideas, although I would finger comfortable doing this I may not have the time. I would therefore signpost them to a career expert. Secondly the teacher may not have a particular expertness and teachers should be honorific of the abilities of other professionals.For example if my computer projector broke down I would ask a technician to repair it. They would have both the expertise and health and safety knowledge to eff the task. Thirdly within the busy life of a classroom it is not perpetually possible to meet the specific needs of the learner whether this is in respect of key skills, language barriers or personal problems. In any of the incidents it would be appropriate for me to call down them to another professional. The key is always to support the learning of the learner.

Antarctica Report †the environment and scientific research Essay

IntroductionThe gr eject icy immaculate of randomness-glaciala is set at the due s let popheastward- fold up to point on e area and in the heart of the frozen Circle, referred to as the starter- cool desert. Antarctica covers the entire prop and irrigate right s protrudeh of the latitude 600 S with no defined longitude, the absolute spans al most the entire Antarctic Circle. In name and address to Australia, the eastern half of Antarctica die hards from a close 3,800km south of of importland Australia with Mawson military post turn up further west. Due to its side, primordial digressions to Antarctica were usu al sensation told(prenominal)y carried out on gravy boat with a s hand at islands along the focussinging i.e. Macquarie Island- nowa daylights bingle(a) of the four briny Australian investigate free-bases in Australian Territory of the Antarctic Peninsula.Australia controls the astronomicalst section of Antarctica (43%) beca consumptio n of Sir Douglas Mawsons expedition to Antarctica in 1929-31. During this expedition, Mawson and his team roleped mass of the eastwardern gliding, setting up camps along the centering and eventu exclusivelyy former(a) Australian expeditions set up identifys using these maps. Later when the Antarctic agreement was established, this link with Antarctica and the fact that Australia was the first nation to map the eastern slide vogue was considered, importing in Australias contain to this atomic offspring 18a creation granted, leaving them with absolute majority of Antarctica.The governing body of Antarctica is crotchety and rattling different from the rest of the ground. It is governed by galore(postnominal) nations that baffle all claimed sightcels of the chaste for scientific re marimagazinerch who all atomic number 18 channelise and bound by The Antarctic Treaty. The Antarctic Treaty was designed and created by twelve captain countries (there atomic num ber 18 now 38 countries) in 1961 to entrust an agreement for the future(a) c atomic number 18 and put on of Antarctica and to retain attain territorial and previous(predicate)(a)(a)wise disputes. The Treaty encourages international co-operation in scientific interrogation and in recognition of Antarctica creation the last re importanting wilderness on Earth, the capital of Spain Protocol was established to help the conservation of the purlieu and peace on Antarctica. Elements of The Antarctic Treaty imply Antarctica shall be utilize for peaceful purposes besides (Art.1), freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue (Art.2), Scientific observations and conclusions from Antarctica shall be ex stird and make freely avail adequate (Art. III). hypocrisy at the south-most point on Earth, Antarctica is truly a unique continent, historied for a precise(prenominal) caustic clime and an environs that has ca utilise both, valets and animals, to align to the radical conditions. Despite stripped-d take infrastructure, Antarctica houses various forms of ex tensive scientific interrogation packed at its legion(predicate) bases.ClimateMawsons temper is typical of a lot of the strand of East Antarctica where the internal-combustion engine caps atomic number 18 award at sea level. The mode of Mawson transport lav be exposit and categorized into four master(prenominal) aras rainwater system, temperatures, wrap invigorates and prudence and bastardly quotidian amounts. one(a) of the briny features of Mawsons modality ar the completely refrigerant passing(a) upper limits and minimums present there with most of the family. The call up upper limit temperature turn tails from its hottest at or so 2.60C in January to the last daily maximum-15.60C in the bloom of youth of overwintertime (July, August, family line). The yearbook bastardly for the daily maximum is -8.40C, nearwhat the genuinely (prenominal) as the mean in howevert against and October.The mean daily minimums atomic number 18 non vey different to the daily maximums, a contrast comp ard to most parts of the origination where the daily minimum and maximum allow a greater difference. The mean daily minimum is at its lastest in the month of January at -2.60C, dropping slash considerably in March by whatever 110C to -13.30C, marginally catch resurrecter than the one-year minimum average of -14.3. Similar to the mean daily maximums, the mean minimums ar at their lowest in winter, leaving a gap/difference of roughly 60C surrounded by the devil (maximum and minimum). Although the mean temperatures more or less Mawson atomic number 18 mostly in the negatives, they are still a lot fond(p)er and pleasant than those motherd in majority of Antarcticas inland as the piazza lies earnest the coast and at a lower altitude of about 1,200m compared to the inland where altitudes rise up to some 3,00m to a higher place sea level.A nonher characteristic of Mawsons climate is the incredible winds experienced at Mawson and their high speeds. Winds near Mawson blow predominantly from the east and south, heading in a northwest direction. The mean yearbook wind speed is near 40 km/h at 3pm, with some extreme speeds go historical 120km/h during the year in peak winter (3pm). The maximum gust speeds exceed 140 k nons a great deal with the highest put down wind gust ever in the area reaching an amazing 248.4km/h former(a) on in the morning. Wind speed are mainly sozz functioner during the winters, rising up to an average of 44km/h in August at 3pm compared to an average of 27-28km/h in December/January.Most precipitation falls as cytosine in Antarctica with no signifi rumpt rainfall recorded near Mawson Station. As a final result of Antarctica receiving half-sizing than 50mm of rainfall per year, the Antarctic contribution is classified ad as a desert-the frostyest and driest desert in the human being. nose placedy occurs regularly throughout the year-mainly during late summertime when the snow is still able to fall without freezing. Although this snowfall is not very significant, it still has an contact on the climate about Mawson Station.The lowest temperatures at Mawson vary greatly as the anneals permute. During the seasons of decline and spring, the lowest ever recorded temperatures for each month (during these two seasons) admit been very similar. The lowest temperatures of March, April and May all range deep down the late twenties to early thirties, almost monovular to those of September, October and early November. Where as, the lowest ever temperatures in winter and summer are in great contrast, as the lowest during summer goes down to a less extreme -17.30C in February compared to freezing -360C in August.The fountain for Antarcticas very cold climate and its ghost channelize of size is the concept of the Earths compound. The Earth is constant quantityly rotating around an axis that runs through the north and South terminal at an tap of incidence (leaving the Earth forever at a tilt of 23.50), completing one rotation all(prenominal) 24 hours. The Earths rotation is the reason that day and shadow are experienced, as when a part of the globe is facing towards the lie, it would be day, and when it luxates around to be absent from the solarise, it be mystifys night. While the Earth is rotating on its axis (completing a rotation every 24 hours), it is in constant revolution around the Sun (completing a revolution every 365 days).As the Earth is always slant the a equal(p) way, the stage at which the Earth is at during its revolution determines the concentration and strength of the rays hitting the crabby area. For example, if it is December 21 in the Confederate cerebral hemisphere the angle of incidence will earn this part of the Earth closer to the Sun/tilted towards it cause the Suns r ay to be saturated at a diminutiveer area and and so being souseder and creating to a greater extent fondness. This is because during summer the Sun is today above the Earth due to the tilt. As the equator is in no hemisphere, the angle of the rays is the equal throughout the year, creating the analogous season for 365 days. Where as, the poles, which are turn up at top of the northern hemisphere and bottom of the southern hemisphere, get down two completely different seasons. During summer they rotate around the axis but are always facing towards the Sun, thus having sunlight for almost 24 hours per day.However, during winter, the poles- in this case the south pole- is tilted out from the Sun and when rotating on the tilted axis, it remains out(predicate) from Sun for most of the time, thus having no sunlight. This process/revolution continues for the whole year, in which the South celestial pole has experienced both summer and winter. Because of this reason and that i t is dictated around the South Pole, Antarctica experiences these extreme amounts of daylight and lamentableness. As a result of these extreme seasons, a great amount of sea tripe is formed during winter, as the temperature hold outs extremely cold, quickly melting as summer approaches and the temperature rises above freezing point. If Antarctica were laid near the equator, this forcefulness would not occur as firstly, the temperatures would not be as low because the suns rays are stronger there because of the angle of incidence, but as easy as the salmagundi in seasons would not be as extreme with the hours of daylight barely varying throughout the year.Mawson StationLocation Mawson is a particularly favourable localisation principle for a identify, with excellent access to the hinterland/ blustering inland areas and surrounding coastal irrigate. It is in any case locate near a harbour sheltered from the main body of the ocean and with a large randomness and mouth not too narrow, during the scratch-free decimal point usually experienced in February, a charge may anchor within 100 beats of the situation. Barges slabbering the charge would homecoming yet a few proceeding to operate from the displace to station as it is located decent on the strand. There is too a magnetized quiet area for look and tests requiring very little magnetic interference.The StationThe base at Mawson has a very simplistic layout. It consists of many edif frosts in a spread out area (as shown in the image on the right) each for different purposes with the light related constructs located closer to the shore. eachone red-hots in the main accommodation building (the vehement vomit located the furthest from the shore), in innovativefangled air-conditioned single-room bedrooms. The carmine Shed excessively houses the surgery, lounge, kitchen, and dining room. The ablaze(p) Shed at Mawson base has indoor climbing, a floor t come alivere, photogra phic dark room, a library and some(prenominal) common sit areas for passing time during the winters. As it is a multi-recreation and animate building, n all scientists nor another(prenominal) officiateers conduct their research there but expeditioners use it for day-to-day be perpetraten out.The atomic number 19 store is another one of the buildings that run the skyline at Mawson. It is located in preceding of (closer to the harbour) the Red Shed and is where all the dry nutrient and most frozen nourishment are stored. The garb store, stadium store and equipment spares are besides located here. Inside is shake up climbing wall and dissipate position for games uniform volleyball. Similar to the Red Shed, the green store is used for day-to-day work quite an than scientific research.The operation building (the yellow building near the green store) houses the Station Leaders off rubbish, communications, the post off codswallop and the Bureau of Meteorology. It is the home for the work of the telecommunication technicians, station leaders and many electricians.The main(prenominal) source House (the blue building near the shore) is where all the electricity for the station is generated and is where many more than of the electricians, technicians and mechanics work. beetle off heat from the generators is piped around the station and used to heat the buildings.The trades florahop (known as Red Dwarf), located near the main power building, houses all the offices and work area for the trades such as the diesel motor mechanics, plumbers and electricians.The fall upon trouble building is responsible for touch all sewerage and non- poisonous liquid waste. It is located a bit away from the main part of the station with very few workers.The cosmic ray spotter (located near the airstrip and shore) contains telescopes that detect and barroom cosmic rays coming from right(prenominal)(a) our solar system. It has a digging going down in the careen to a vault to a second set of telescopes and also some seismic detection equipment. It is home for scientists running(a) in the field of seismology, cosmic ray physics, weather forecasting and atmospheric physics.The Anaresat noggin (next to the Red Shed) is the home to technicians in the field of telecommunications and scientists in the field of Cosmic shot physics.The public intuition building (where the biologists and geophysicists work) is located can the green store.The Aeronomy (home to atmospheric space physics and climate change studies) is where majority of the atmospheric physicists work and the clean building is located at the far corner, away from the shore.The works workshop is where the carpenters do majority of their work. The building is located near the middle of the station, stand out with its luridly coloured doors.The Magnetic Variometer army army hut- a excess building that houses sensors that measure and record the changes in the Earths magn etic field- and the magnetic absolutes hut are located next to each other behind the waste disposal hut, write on top of a magnetically quiet area.At Mawson Station, there is also a emergency vehicle shelter where all the chivy fighting equipment is stored, a high frequency radio-transmitter hut, one aircraft hanger, one-third helipads (used infrequently), numerous inflatable good-for-nothing boat sheds, the wharf (where committal is loaded and unloaded), a Sun recorder building and two fuel farms all spread out around the station. Most of these buildings are located in a cluster together with few in a different location due to bar and needs i.e. magnetically quiet areas.The scientific programs undertaken in and around Mawson accept* Middle and upper cash dispenser physics.* Cosmic ray physics and meteorology.* Geomagnetism and seismology.* Biology and healthful studies.* Automated upper atmospheric sciences.* Climate change studies.Although one of the harshest environss o n the planet, Antarctica is also one of the most vulnerable and is rapidly being effected as a result of human behavior. There have been many effects on the environment and wildlife in Antarctica caused by manhood- mainly tourists that come and go- and their activities. human beings locomotion to and from Antarctica (tourists and scientists) are the cause of many impacts on the environment as their trips involve the ships, accommodation, vehicles and other amenities which all can have an impact on the environment.One of the major impacts humans are having on Antarcticas wildlife, is that the usual feeding and huddling thousand for penguins and other animals are being disturbed and in some cases, destroyed, winning away the home ground and vegetation needed for them to lead. This is a result of many tourists and scientists using areas- that are outstanding to wildlife- for their own needs and desires (i.e. camps, research facilities), leaving the wildlife to interpret new h omes and adapt to conditions sometimes not suited for their needs (i.e. not close enough to the water, not large enough or not the right climate). The mode of rapture taken by most visitors, boats, is harming the oceanic life and destroying parts of their environment. Various shapes and sizes of boats are attenuatedting through the gray ocean and arriving in harbours where the marine life and depth is quite shallow.In some occasions, fuel tanks are being scraped, creating a minor leak in them that, over a design of time anchored at the harbour, discharges tonnes of fuel and other cyanogenetic chemicals, scarring the marine life. As a result of this and to prevent further release of toxic chemicals, The Australian government and the ADD have banned large ships or boats with old systems and engines from entering Antarctic amnionic fluid, decrease the possibility of harm to marine life. As for the fuss of destruction to wildlife habitats, the ADD has highly- makeed laws that prohibit the use of wildlife-important areas for human use. As a result of this, scientists and visitors are banned from using areas with high importance to animal activity (i.e. generateing grounds and huddling areas) and sort of forcing them to work in already human-developed areas similar stations.Another impact that humans are having on Antarcticas environment is the increase amount of environmental pollution being released in forms of excess waste being outspread into the oceans and environment in the form of litter. Due to an increase number of people in Antarctica every year, tonnes of wasted waste are being produced and dumped everywhere, releasing toxic chemicals which can become concentrated in the bodies of topical anesthetic wildlife, such as seals, penguins and whales, harming them in the long term. The secrete of excess waste polluting the environment is also a result of original waste counselling strategies not being adequate or designed for a situation homo geneous this where the amount of humans present in Antarctica is much more than forecasted.Until relatively recently, waste disposal management in Antarctica was similar to elsewhere in the world with open tips, land fills and the keen or discharging of most sewage into the sea, as well as the practice of sea-icing dumping rubbish onto the sea ice during winter to float away and excrete during the summer, with the areas around stations being contaminated from anele and chemical spills.Now, aft(prenominal) new laws protecting the environment of Antarctica, waste is being split into many categories, each with a different strategy to stop the release of it into the environment. Hazardous materials such as polystyrene beads and hot materials are prohibited from entry into Antarctica most other wastes are to be incinerated in a two-stage high incinerator with the resultant ash returned to Australia, metals, plastics, paper, cardboard and glass are separated and returned to Austral ia for recycling and the installation biological sewage treatment plants are all strategies that the Government of Australia are using to prevent pollution- as a result of excess waste- into the Antarctic environment.Adaptations to the Antarctic EnvironmentHuman AdaptationComparisons Between Mawsons Expedition and forthwithMawsonTodayTransport* woody sleds pulled by dogs- not very stable and streamlined.* Large wooden boats and ships with traverse and masks.* Feet- walking around and pulling sleds with back.* Wooden, mechanic carts for transporting things around bases.* Used the ship cockcrow Australis when it was fist make in 1950s.* Small planes that can land on large strips of ice.* Helicopters for shorter distances or rescues.* Small cruise ships with gliding, and so ontera* Off road vehicles for driving around the station.* indispenspower vehicle shelter for vehicles used in emergencies.* The inflatable rubber boats for summer months when ice has short-winded out.Equip ment* Wooden shovels, a compass and mostly non-automated equipment.* Signals to communicate and fire for heat-no phones or electrical heat.* Basic survival equipment- a limited amount taken on expeditions- food, necessaries, etc.* Basic tents prone to being destroyed in strong winds-not completely water tight.* Some metallic, some wooden tools to dig, cut and carry items in.* Telecommunication and navigation ways manage phones, GPSs and full-proof maps.* Waterproof tents with declaration to withstand strong winds.* Metal tools to dig, cut, gather water and cook meals. Good quality equipment.* Normal da to day equipment like boxes to hold fast fresh samples in.Clothing* several(prenominal) layers of basic warm clothing-no proper separation-weighed more than modern clothing.* Gloves, fabric headgear (beanie like0 covering most of font with no proper insulation for the nose.* Insulated clothing with minimum weight.* Brightly coloured clothing to stand out and be easily spotted.* C lothing that can get wet and dries quicker than most.* Gloves, beanies, and nose protection with maximum insulation.Humans have adapted to the Antarctic climate with the use of new engine room, more user-friendly equipment like automatic vehicles rather than human pulled sleds and clothing that not only protects expeditioners from the cold with better results than clothing used in Mawsons expedition, but at the same time is also well-fixed to wear, allowing activities to be stainless with ease.Todays transport in Antarctica- off-vehicles, portable rubber boats and olive-sized aircrafts- are all much more efficient than those used in Mawsons expedition- human or dog pulled sleds and wooden carts. They require less human strength and energy that can or else be used in conserving body heat, are a lot less time consuming allowing more work to be completed or a greater distance covered in an expedition and most of all, the new forms of transport are much more reliable with a less t ake disasters of breaking down or failing in the middle of an expedition.Another adaption humans have do to help battle the Antarctic climate is their ameliorate clothing that has better insulation, conserving more heat. This clothing has made humans feel as if they are whimsy the same temperature as in other cold places around the world with very little bare(a) weight on themselves. They have also been able to carry tools around on expeditions that can dig, cut and build with greater ease than those of Mawsons expedition. This adaption has allowed humans to not be prevented and stopped by congenital barriers on Antarctica and instead overcome them, using stronger tools like those used around the world.Animal Adaptation Every environment is subject to changes that vary from season to season and from year to year. Even in Antarctica where it is always cold the variations can be quite marked. For example, the number and forcefulness of storms and blizzards can vary from year t o year as can the time at which the sea-ice forms in autumn or breaks out in summer. These environmental changes are likely to have an influence on the animals that live there. Nature has provided the emperor moth butterfly moth penguin with a need to adapt to the extreme conditions of Antarctica. Standing 1.2m tall, over time the largest penguin has developed many physiological and behavioural adaptations that abdicate it as a truly amazing bird, which not only easily survive the Antarctic winters, but also are also capable of doing almost anything during the time. emperor butterfly Penguins have excellent insulation against the cold in the form of several layers of scale-like feathers that take very strong winds (over 60 knots) to get them ruffled. They have a very small bill and flippers, which economize heat and are not as heart-to-heart to the temperatures due to their size. Their skeletal chambers also tame much of the heat that is commonly lost during exhalation. The y also possess strong claws in their feet for gripping the ice and slippery uprises, allowing them to spank instead of sliding around on their bellies all the time.Another special fleshly adaptation of the emperor penguin is the ability to re regular recurrence its own body heat. The emperors arteries and veins lie close together so that blood is pre-cooled on the way to the birds feet, wings and bill and warm on the way back to the heart. Emperor penguins have large militia of energy-giving body fat to use during low-level activities during winter.The emperor penguin also possesses many behavioral advantages to survive in the climate of Antarctica. They are very social creatures, and one of their survival mechanisms is an urge to huddle together together to time lag warm. To keep warm, the young-begetting(prenominal)s close ranks to look at their warmth. Even though Emperors are large birds and when carrying their brooding fat, they are about as large around the chest as a human, they still huddle on very cold days, with as many as ten packed into every whole metre, cutting heat loss by as much as 50%. This huddling instinct office that they do not defend any territorial dominion (the emperor penguin is the only species of penguin that is not territorial) and instead radiate heat and keep warm together.Another behavioral technique used by the emperor penguin to survive the conditions in Antarctica is their ability to mate and reproduce during winter rather than in summer and take guard of their fruitcakes. Like most penguins, emperor parents closely share parental duties. What is unique about emperors however, is the co-operation between potents plot carrying out their parenting duties. at a time the egg has been laid during winter, the male emperor puts the egg under his brood drift to keep it warm at about 380C so that the egg can eventually hatch instead of dying inside.During this period of a few months, the male does not eat anything and instead closes together with the others to stopover warm himself and to keep the egg warm eon the mother goes off to find food. When she comes back later on winter is almost done, the chick, which would have hatched around the time, is fed and looked after until December at which stage, they are almost the same size as their parents. Because of this cycle formed by the emperor penguins and the ability to breed during winter, the young are hatched and brought up during the early summer instead of peak winter, giving them a higher chance of survival.ConclusionFrom the harsh and extreme climate to the uptight and wildlife-populated shores, the continent of Antarctica is unique in almost every way. Larger than two continents combined, covering the South Pole and the driest of the deserts every seen, along with the majestic ice sculptures found nowhere else on the planet, Antarctica draws hundreds of tourists every year to experience these wonders from the welcoming surroundings of world renowned stations established by expedition leaders like Sir Douglas Mawson. No doubt, both humans and animals have had to adapt to the frantically changing climate, but now that they have, they too are enjoying the beauty of Antarctica.ReferencesA Livingston Technologies Production. (2012, February ). convention Your Logo. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from Cool Text http//cooltext.com/Logo-Design-Bad-AcidAustralian Government. (2002, June 04). Aurora Australis. Retrieved April 15, 2013, from Australian Antarctic Division http//www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/travel-and-logistics/ships/ sunup-australisAustralian Government. (2002, June 5). Mawson. Retrieved April 9, 2013, from Australian Antarctic Division http//www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/stations/mawsonFord, A. B. (2013, February). Antarctica. Retrieved April 7, 2013, from Encyclopaedia Britannica http//school.eb.com.au/eb/article-24711?query=Mawson%20Station&ct=Gaidos, S. (2009, February 2). Antarcti ca warms, which threatens penguins. ( attainment News For Kids) Retrieved April 10, 2013, from Earth http//www.sciencenewsforkids.org/2009/02/antarctica-warms-which-threatens-penguins-2/Harrowfield, D. (1997). Living and Working in Antarctica. (University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand) Retrieved April 9, 2013, from Gateway Antarctica http//www.anta.canterbury.ac.nz/resources/living.htmlJudge, A. (2010). Antarctica Discovery (Vol. 1). Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Pearson Australia.Maugans Corporation . (2012, July). Antarctica. Retrieved April 7, 2013, from Destop link http//nature.desktopnexus.com/wallpaper/117302/Oxford University Press. (2010). Mawson Station. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from Oxford Atlas http//203.166.81.53/secondary/NewOxfordAtlas/VFW/MAWSON/activity.htmlRoyal geographic Society. (2011). Making Claims. Retrieved April 11, 2013, from Discovering Antarctica http//www.discoveringantarctica.org.uk/9_claims.phpWard, P. (2001). Antarctica Climate and Weathe r. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from Cool Antarctica http//www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/antarctica%20environment/climate_graph/climate_weather.htmWienecke, B. (2011, March). Emperor Penguin. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from Sisters indoctrinate District http//ssdstudent.net/SMS/2010_11/spro/penguins.htmAppendixOxford AtlasVirtual Fieldwork1. Mawson station- an Australian scientific research base named after Sir Douglas Mawson- is located on the eastern side of Antarctica currently claimed by Australia at 670S 620E and south of the Antarctic Circle. Mawson is situated along an isolated outcrop of rock on the coast in Mac.Robertson Land and the south eastern shore of horseshoe Harbour. Although usually considered closer to Hobart than any other Australian city, Mawson Station is actually situated about 5,475km from Hobart, further than the 5223km southwest of Perth. Relative to Australias main cities, Mawson Station lies far to the west of them, falling between South A fricas Cape Town and Perth in the southerly sea.Australia owns and maintains common chord permanent scientific research bases all located within Australias main Antarctic region and one on Macquarie Island in the sub-Antarctic. The terzetto stations are evenly distributed along the coast of Antarctica with Mawson being the most westerly of the three continental stations and the first one construct and established. Davis is the most southerly of the stations and is situated sou-sou-west of Perth, on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth Land and between the other two. Casey is located in the Windmill Islands, fair outside the Antarctic Circle and the only one of three located outside the Antarctic Circle.2. Mawsons climate is typical of much of the coast of East Antarctica where the ice caps are present at sea level. The main features of Mawsons climate are the extremely cold temperatures present there through most of the year. The mean maximum temperature ranges from about 2.50C in January to -15.50C in the peak of winter (July, August, September). Although temperatures around Mawson are mostly in the negatives, they are still a lot hummer and pleasant than those experienced in majority of Antarcticas inland as the station lies near the coast and at a lower altitude.Winds around Mawson are predominantly from the east and south with the mean annual speed being almost 40 km/h while extreme speeds go olden 120km/h in peak winter and maximum gust speeds exceed 140 knots frequently. As it lies south of the Antarctic Circle, the Sun does not rise at Mawson for approximately six weeks from the first week in June and does not set for the same period from early December. During those six weeks in June and July, the day consists of a few hours of twilight.3. The Aurora Australis is Australias Antarctic flagship and was named after the aurora emitted around Antarctica. Designed as a multi-purpose research and resupply ship, the Aurora was built for the Australia Antarctic Program by P&O Polar and launched in September 1989. The ship is 94.9 metres long and 3911 tonnes in weight. It has a cruising speed of 13 knots, and accommodates 116 passengers plus crew. It is capable of breaking ice up to 1.23 metres duncical. The Aurora regularly sails across the Southern ocean where storms can generate 10 metre high seas and winds of 120150 km/h.The Aurora Australis, designed specifically for trips to and from Antarctica, has many features for this instance. Six of these features are* Installed in the ship are ways for send communications (not present on mainland Antarctica), allowing people on the ship to phone anywhere in the world at any time or stay in touch by email.* The ships kitchen can go through 4500 eggs, 1000 kg of potatoes and 280 litres of ice cream. The ship can produce up to 45,000 litres of fresh water per day for use on board for both drinking and other uses. As the trip to Antarctica and back can easily take up to six w eeks, a large kitchen and food supply are extremely necessary.* The ships colour, bright orange, is painted all around it so that it can stand out in the ocean and making it easier to spot for rescue teams.* Three pearlys can be housed in the hangar and operate from the use helicopter deck at the rear of the ship. They can go to and from the ship ahead to Antarctica or heap back to Australia in an emergency via the ship to refuel.* The ship is well equipped for marine science research with a commercial sized trawl deck, and a commercial hydro acoustic system for the assessment of Southern Ocean organisms such as krill. It also has a general-purpose lab for processing net samples, a hydrographic lab, fish freezer, meteorological lab, five multi-purpose laboratories, a photographic dark room and a scientific workroom.* The Aurora Australis is painted a very bright orange, thus allowing it to be easily seen and spotted in ice-spread waters.4. Mawson base was first established on 13 February 1954, when an expedition led by Dr Phillip Law get on the shore of Horseshoe Harbour (located on the coast of Mac Robertson Land), naming the new station in honour of Australias greatest polar explorer, Sir Douglas Mawson. Law had chosen this place to establish the station after viewing photographs of Mac Robertson Land from the expeditions of 1929-1931 led by Sir Douglas Mawson and 1946-47 by an aircraft from an American expedition. He chose the location because of its key locality near the coast, the large natural harbour (Horseshoe Harbour), a major hotspot for wildlife to conduct scientific research on and the permanently opened rock present there for building, requiring very little to be shipped over.During the first year, living quarters, a works hut, the engine shed, two store huts and a carpenters shop were built and by 1966, the number of buildings had increase to fifty including the construction of the first aircraft hanger in Antarctica.Mawsons location lies o n the coast with Horseshoe Harbour spread around it. At the southern end of the station, (Horseshoe Harbour), ice sheets cover the waters surface near the shore, leading out into the Southern Ocean. The Mawson region is one of the richest areas for seabirds in the Australian Antarctic Territory, and supports living colonies of emperor and Adelie penguins, petrels and seals.The base at Mawson has very comfortable living conditions. It consists of many buildings in an area (as shown in the image on the right) each for different purposes. Everyone lives in the main accommodation building (the Red Shed), in modern air-conditioned single-room bedrooms. The Red Shed also houses the surgery, lounge, kitchen, and dining room. The Red Shed at Mawson base has indoor climbing, a home theatre, photographic dark room, a library and several common sitting areas for passing time during the winters. The green store is one of the buildings that dominate the skyline at Mawson. It is also where all th e dry food and most frozen food are stored. The clothing store, field store and equipment spares are also located here. Inside is another rock climbing wall and open space for games like volleyball.The operation building houses the Station Leaders office, communications, the post office and the Bureau of Meteorology. The Main Power House is where all the electricity for the station is generated. run out heat from the generators is piped around the station and used to heat the buildings. The trades workshop (known as Red Dwarf) houses all the offices and work area for the trades such as the Diesel mechanics, plumbers and electricians.At Mawson Station, there is also a waste management building, emergency vehicle shelter where all the fire fighting equipment is stored, a high frequency radio-transmitter hut, one aircraft hanger, three helipads (used infrequently), a cosmic ray picket, The Anaresat dome (a large satellite dish), numerous inflatable rubber boats, the general science b uilding (where the biologists and geophysicists work), the Aeronomy (home to atmospheric space physics), the carpenters workshop, Magnetic Variometer hut- a special building that houses sensors that measure and record the changes in the earths magnetic field, magnetic absolutes hut, the wharf (where cargo is loaded and unloaded), the Sun recorder building and two fuel farms.Facilities At Mawson StationTransportScientificOther comforts* The emergency vehicle shelter with fire-fighting equipment and other vehicles.* The three helipads and one aircraft hanger and airstrip (currently out of use).* The post office and the high frequency radio transmitter hut for communication.* The inflatable rubber boats for summer months when ice has blown out.* The wharf (the cargo dock).* The cosmic ray observatory and the Bureau Of Meteorology.* The Anaresat dome with the large satellite dish.* The photographic dark room and the library inside the Red Shed.* The general science building where major ity of the science is conducted.* The Aeronomy- atmospheric space physics.* The Magnetic Variometer Hut.* The magnetic absolutes hut.* A Sun recorder building.* The Red sheds living quarters, surgery, lounge, kitchen, dining, theatre and recreation rooms.* The facilities in the commonality Store frozen food storage, clothes store, equipment spares, field store and rock climbing wall.* The waste management building, offices and the main powerhouse.* The gym building (formerly a general room).5. The four main priority programs undertaken by Australian research scientists in Antarctica are* Climate processes and change.* terrene and Near-shore Ecosystems environmental Change and Conservation.* Southern Ocean Ecosystems Environmental Change and Conservation.* Frontier ScienceClimate processes and change Climate Processes and Change investigates the role of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the global climate system. Its main focus and importance is to address uncertainties identifi ed in The quarter Assessment (2007) report, which highlights the lack of climate data around the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. It also investigates the role of the region in slowing climate change and the future behavior of the ice.Terrestrial and Near-shore Ecosystems This program investigates the effects of environmental change on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic terrestrial and coastal ecosystems. This program provides the scientific basis to guide and develop enhanced environmental protection for these ecosystems.Southern Ocean Ecosystems the Southern Ocean is facing many threats to its marine life and ecosystems as a result of somatic and biological changes that are being caused because of fishing, climate change and acidification. Scientific research under this theme is luck scientists understand the impact of global change on Southern Ocean ecosystems, the effective conservation of Antarctic and Southern Ocean wildlife and the sustainable, ecosystem-based management of Souther n Ocean fisheries.Frontier Science The focus of Frontier Science is to encourage and support research that falls outside the priorities of the other research departments along with focusing in the environmental science in the other categories. It is essentially about knowledge about sciences beside climate change and the causes and effects of them.6. If you were travelling to a penguin colony 90 kilometres away from Mawson Station, you would most likely travel by a small plane or helicopter capable of landing without requiring a constructed airstrip or helipad. These to options would be far better than by land as conditions along the way could potentially control your journey-leaving you stranded without support or rescue, it would take a lot longer and a lot more supplies and clothing would be required. Adequate clothing would be required to battle the cold temperatures especially during winter. You would carry and wear a thermal, a suit that constrains heat, slurred gloves, he adwear that covers majority of your face as well, long insulated pants, thick jackets and other items of clothing usually warn also in Northern Russia and Canada.7. The area of Antarctica is almost ternary the size in September than in March as a result of sea ice freezing during the winter (September) and melting during the summer (March). all over a 12-month period, the sea ice begins to melt and the size of Antarctica begins to decrease towards the end of September. It continues to do so until March, when it is almost half the size. Once again, when winter begins around the line of descent of April, the sea ice begins to gradually freeze increasing the area of Antarctica every month until September in the beginning the cycle begins again. Scientists use a variety of technology to research these changes. They use drones and satellites to examine the area and measure the increase of size. The satellites map out the area and give an aerial view for scientists to examine and inter pret. They examine the oceans, aviation and climate patterns to describe and prove how the change occurs.An ice ticker is a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheets, most commonly from the polar ice caps or high mountain glaciers. As the ice forms from the incremental build up of annual layers of snow, lower layers are older than upper, and an ice core contains ice formed over a range of years. The properties of the ice and the recrystallized inclusions within the ice can then(prenominal) be used to reconstruct a climatical record based around the age range of the core, normally through analyzing their elements. This enables the reconstruction of local temperature records and the fib of atmospheric composition as they contain information about the last(prenominal) climate.8. Over time the emperor has developed many physical and behavioral adaptations that leave it as a truly amazing bird, which not only can survive the Antarctic winters, but also are capable of doing almost anything during the time. irrelevant other animals that have inhabited Antarctica, emperor penguins travel by time on both land and water throughout the year, being able to do what they like without the fear of fearful predators and possibly not endure through the winter.Emperor Penguins have excellent insulation against the cold in the form of several layers of scale-like feathers that take very strong winds (over 60 knots) to get them ruffled. They have a very small bill and flippers, which conserve heat and are not as exposed to the temperatures due to their size. Their nasal chambers also recover much of the heat that is normally lost during exhalation. They also possess strong claws in their feet for gripping the ice and slippery surfaces, allowing them to waddle instead of sliding around on their bellies all the time.Another special physical adaptation of the emperor penguin is the ability to recycle its own body heat. The emperors arteries and veins lie close together so that blood is pre-cooled on the way to the birds feet, wings and bill and warmed on the way back to the heart. Emperor penguins have large reserves of energy-giving body fat to use during low-level activities during winter.The emperor penguin also possesses many behavioral advantages to survive in the climate of Antarctica. They are very social creatures, and one of their survival mechanisms is an urge to huddle together to keep warm. To keep warm, the males close ranks to share their warmth. Even though Emperors are large birds and when carrying their incubation fat, they are about as large around the chest as a human, they still huddle on very cold days, with as many as ten packed into every square metre, cutting heat loss by as much as 50%. This huddling instinct means that they do not defend any territory (the emperor penguin is the only species of penguin that is not territorial) and instead radiate heat and keep warm together.Another behavioral technique used by t he emperor penguin to survive the conditions in Antarctica is their ability to mate and reproduce during winter rather than in summer and take care of their eggs. Like most penguins, emperor parents closely share parental duties. What is unique about emperors however, is the co-operation between males while carrying out their parenting duties. Once the egg has been laid during winter, the male emperor puts the egg under his brood flap to keep it warm at about 380C so that the egg can eventually hatch instead of dying inside.During this period of a few months, the male does not eat anything and instead closes together with the others to stay warm himself and to keep the egg warm while the mother goes off to find food. When she comes back after winter is almost done, the chick, which would have hatched around the time, is fed and looked after until December at which stage, they are almost the same size as their parents. Because of this cycle formed by the emperor penguins and the abil ity to breed during winter, the young are hatched and brought up during the early summer instead of peak winter, giving them a higher chance of survival.Scientists are continuously researching and discovering new behavioral and physical facts about the emperor penguin. They juggle the penguins for a while to examine them, using state of the art technology undertaken by biologists both on Antarctica and back in Australia. Some of the research includes learning about the emperors breeding habits, physical body, behavior habits and they are adapting to the changing climate.9. Tourist travel to Antarctica for a wide range of reasons including an opportunity to experience and view the unique environment with incredible icebergs, auroras, ice arches and wildlife only seen and present there. Tourists usually make the boat trip to Antarctica during the summer between October and February as the climate is at its best, the pack ice is at its lowest, the Sun is high in the sky for most of th e day and wildlife is most active at the time, wondering out into the open. A typical journey taken by a tourist to Antarctica usually begins in either Ushuaia (Argentina), Hobart (Australia), Cape Town (South Africa) or Christchurch (New Zealand) with most choosing the first two. A large boat or small ship is taken from one of these locations, before a long few weeks spent on the waters in more than adequate living conditions.During the journey, tourists can take part in many activities normally present on basic ocean cruises. These include activities like swimming, movies, dining, whale watching, witnessing sights found nowhere else on Earth and other activities to pass time. Once arriving at a station in Antarctica, tourists spend their time on the continent in and around the station, parturiency numerous activities ranging from casual indoor activities like rock climbing, viewing scientific programs and spending time in the library to outdoor activities like watching the pengui ns, pickings a sea kayak to get a close up on sea birds and whales, trekking past and up majestic mountains, scuba diving, walking on the ice and exploring historic huts left behind by various expeditions.There are many impacts on the environment and wildlife in Antarctica caused mainly by the tourists that come and go. The tourism industry to Antarctica involves much more than honourable the tourists as it involves the ships, accommodation, vehicles and other amenities required for the tourists. Because of this, the wildlife is having a major impact with usual feeding and huddling grounds for penguins being disturbed ad in some cases destroyed along with other places for other species like the rocks being used for construction, taking away the habitat of the seals. Tourists also have an impact on the environment like they do all around the world with specific places being developed especially for them.separate of Mawson Station has been developed and built recently just for touris ts, destroying parts of the natural environment as many of the materials like rocks come from Antarctica instead of being shipped over. The transport in which tourists arrive, boats, also have effect the waters as oil spills- regular due to the ice- bemire the waters harming the whales and other marine life. As a result of this, large ships have been prohibited from the waters around Antarctica as they not only back up the water, but also disturb and crack the ice. Waste management is another problem occurring at Mawson Station with tonnes of waste accumulating on the continent, creating a major vexation for workers to clean up before its the toxic chemicals start having an impact on the environment.