Gambling In The Elizabethan Era - 1009 Words

Gambling was a favourite past time in the Elizabethan era. Anther word for gambling is gaming. Gambling is games that you bet money in the hope of winning more money back. These games ranged from board, card and dice games. Gaming/gambling were sometimes played in theatres such as the ones that Shakespeare’s plays were in. Other popular venues were gambling dens and houses. Although the stereotypical gambler is a poor man spending his wages, Queen Elizabeth I did like to play these sorts of games. In the Merchant of Venice, some examples of gambling include: the merchant, Antonio, loans money from Shylock at the price of not returning the money, a†¦show more content†¦It is an Old English game that is played with two dice. Rule are as followed: Any number of people can play, but only one player — the caster — has the dice at any one time. In each turn, the caster chooses a number between 5 and 9 and this number is called the main. He then throws two dice. If he rolls the main, he wins (throws in or nicks). If he rolls a 2 or a 3, he loses (throws out). If he rolls an 11 or 12, the result depends on the main: with a main of 5 or 9, he throws out with both an 11 and a 12; with a main of 6 or 8, he throws out with an 11 but nicks with a 12; with a main of 7, he nicks with an 11 but throws out with a 12. If he neither nicks nor throws out, the number thrown is called the chance. Then he throws the dice again. if he rolls the chance, he wins. if he rolls the main, he loses (which is unlike on the first throw.) if he rolls neither, it is still his turn, ( and keeps throwing,) until he rolls the chance or the main, with winning with the chance and losing with the main. It is easier to explain on this table; Main Nicks Outs Chance 5 5 2,3,11,12 Anything else 6 6,12 2,3,11 7 7,11 2,3,12 8 8,12 2,3,11 9 9 2,3,11,12 If the caster keeps on winning, the caster keeps on playing, but if he wins three times in a row, he must pass the dice to the player on his left, who becomes the new caster. A lot of the games we play today, have ancestor games that were played in the ElizabethanShow MoreRelatedSports, Games, and Pastimes of the Elizabethan Era1394 Words   |  6 Pagesno attention to, but they have been effectively abandoned and omitted. The Elizabethan hobbies have been thoroughly overshadowed by many modern sports such as baseball, football, soccer, hockey, and an abundant amount of other games. The 16th century English pastimes included many activities that were impeccable examples of both simplicity and amusement intertwined. With all of these amusing yet transparent games, the era was most acknowledged for theater- a prominent art that is still valued todayRead MoreThe Development And Popularity Of The Elizabethan Theatre1289 Words   |  6 Pages The Development and Popularity of the Elizabethan Theatre I. Introduction Hook: What type of entertainment could have been available in the Elizabethan era without actors or tv? A. Elizabethan Era 1. Forms of Entertainment Elizabethan entertainment was very important to the people, as it gave them a chance to take a break form their hard lives. a. â€Å"Court entertainment was regular, often nightly occurrence combined with feasts, jousts, and banquets often occompainies by music and dancingRead MoreThe Elizabethan Era 1663 Words   |  7 Pagesentertainment during the Elizabethan era. Musicians composed new types of music, poets expressed their feeling through poetry, and playwrights wrote plays of different types of genres. Social classes and gender roles also contributed to the entertainment culture. During the Elizabethan era, people were entertained by sources of entertainment, such as plays, music, and poetry. Music was one of the many sources of entertainment during the Elizabethan Era. Elizabethan music was more refined andRead MoreThe Elizabethan Theatre Era1205 Words   |  5 Pagesperiod that A Midsummer Night’s Dream was made public, it is a large possibility that it was not performed in London, and that it was most definitely not performed as a small production in an Inn-yard, or even an indoor playhouse. The Elizabethan Theatre Era Prior to the rule of the Queen Elizabeth I, acting was not seen as a serious profession. Most of the players (unless they were summoned to the King’s court) were working men, who held everyday jobs in addition to being entertainers. AlthoughRead MoreShakespeare - Hamlet Essay examples1402 Words   |  6 Pagesmeet at the end of the play, for a truly tragic yet heroic ending. The next major plot, politics, also plays a major role in the development of the story. The play is based of the royal family of Denmark, and like so many royal families of that era there was controversy. The entire basis of the play begins with the issue of politics, as Claudius murders the King, his brother, to gain the throne, and thus developing the revenge story. The issue of the Norwegian Royal family, including Prince FortinbrasRead MorePoe vs. Shakespeare Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesfrontier) and tales of Sensation. (European Graduate School EGS, 1997-2012) Poe later, was also widely recognized as the inventor of modern detective stories and a mastermind in the science fiction genre. His writings were a reflection from the era of the Dark Romantics, the Gothic genre, and the use of his own personal issues. Every short story or poem written by Poe has had a dark ambiance about it. The works of Poe are diverse and includes classics as â€Å"The Fall of the House of Us her†, â€Å"TheRead MoreDeception in Hamlet1546 Words   |  7 Pagesgoblin damned, Bring with thee airs from heaven or blasts from hell (1.4.44). Horatio fears that the ghost might be a deception, a devil sent in a pleasing shape to coax Hamlet into wicked action. Horatios fear is justified, since during the Elizabethan era it was believed that ghosts were either Heavenly or Satanic, and a man of knowledge like Horatio should take such into consideration. Horatio is not the only character who fears deception. Claudius fears that Hamlets antic behavior might be someRead MoreThe Theme of Deception in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pagesthee airs from heaven or blasts from hell, (I:4, ll 44-45) Horatio fears that the ghost might be a deception, a devil sent in a pleasing shape to coax Hamlet into wicked action, (I:4, ll 76-85). Horatios fear is justified, since during the Elizabethan era it was believed that ghosts were either Heavenly or Satanic, and a man of knowledge like Horatio should take such into consideration. Horatio is not the only character who fears deception. Claudius fears that Hamlets antic behaviour might beRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 3191 Words   |  13 Pages1623 but there is no solid date as to when it was first performed. It has been approximated to be between the years 1603 and 1611. During this time period, James I was in reign and the gunpowder plot was a huge turning point in the history of the Elizabethan period. This was a plan that was created to blow up the Houses of Parliament while all the important political powers were in the building. Robert Catesby and Guy Fawkes planned this event so that they could put James’ daughter on the throne and

Media Stereotyping Free Essays

IndividualFinal Project| Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper that answers the following questions: * In what ways does the media perpetuate stereotyping and prejudice? Provide examples to support your assertion. * In what ways does the media help foster appreciation for diversity? Provide examples to support your assertion. * How might individuals and the United States work together to reduce prejudice and increase appreciation for diversity? * How might you change your own behaviors to be more inclusive and pluralistic? | Day 7| 10| ————————————————- * In what ways do the media perpetuate stereotyping and prejudice? Provide examples to support your assertion. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Stereotyping or any similar topic only for you Order Now America is a relatively young country born in war and to this day continues to struggle with its identity. What makes this country strong is the ideals of freedom and equality. â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created†. This is the ideal makes America strong, that no matter where you come from rich or poor that you as an American can achieve the American dream. We have had our struggles, but that is what makes us strong. It is not been an easy journey, we have paid dearly for our freedoms and our way of life. Some people have paid more than others to struggle for the freedoms guaranteed from being an American. Diversity can be traced all the same lines as civil rights movement in America. There is been a fierce battle for independence of different peoples spread across this land. From the deep South and the marches of Martin Luther King Jr. to the Northeast and the persecution of the Puritans. The Southwest has become the new battleground for diversity with the battle against illegal immigration. Some of the information about diversity United States is on display at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington DC. To truly understand the struggles of the civil rights movement and the role of diversity in the southern states throughout the 50s and 60s, you really have to go and see the bus seat of Rosa Parks. You have to see the soda fountain counter and the fire hose used to what a young black man down the street in Birmingham Alabama. I think that the most important point about diversity and one that cannot be silenced as the voices of the people that live this struggle every day, and the forums like this class that bring people from all walks of life from around the globe together to expose the ignorance of racism and prejudice and discrimination. Have you learned something new about your own racial, ethnic, or cultural history? * My history is of Irish decent we came to America for better life. We paid that price in hard work and blood. We came here as indentured servants that we had to work our way to freedom, never once was the American dream promised to us we earned everything. I think that the struggle that we had to go through game us a sense of pride in America. It was the Chinese and the Irish that built the railroads across this country. We dug the coal that fired the furnaces of the steel mills and we came from places like Hell’s kitchen New York City. What this forum has done for me has given me a sense of pride that just not the Irish and the Chinese struggle for the freedom but it seems as if all of the in one way or another had to fight for everything that we have accomplished. Trends in immigration will continue to shape the demographics of the United States. What will the U. S. population look like in the year 2050? Why do you think so? Everybody around the world wants what America has because we have the ideals of freedoms and the dreams of success the great immigration to America will continue. At the present time America has about 20 million immigrants from Mexico and South America. As economies of Third World country continue to deteriorate more and more people will come to America. Everybody wants what America has but because of the agendas of Third World country politicians and the corruption of governments and the war over illegal criminal activities the safe haven of America will still be the priority of people around the world. The demographics of the United States we will continue to move to a change in diversity from a white majority to really know majority at all. The Hispanic population continues to grow in America while the white population continues to decline. The African-American population has already moved from the largest minority to the second largest minority be replaced by the Hispanic minority. If this trend continues by 2050 we can see the Hispanic population become the majority of the largest minority and other people who have not had to fight for civil rights may now find themselves as a beneficiary of those civil rights battles fought by other minorities. What challenges does the United States face due to the diversity of its people? The first issue that comes to mind is language. If the Hispanic population becomes a majority will we see a change in the language that is not only taught but spoken in America. Many merchants and government agencies now speak Spanish as well as English. The challenge of communication is going to be getting everyone on the same sheet of music. I recently been into a store that is predominantly Hispanic and many of the labels are printed in Spanish I have also been a store where the labels are printed in Arabic in order for America to maintain diversity without separation we will have to have a common language that is spoken and written by everyone. Any area of civil rights those court cases that were settled with the idea of a white majority and other minorities may now be referred as a white majority will find itself as a minority. So with that in mind will we see affirmative action for white people? What will be the reaction of the minorities and those court cases are turned around and used against them. What are the benefits of such a diverse society? The benefits of a diverse society is one that a brings equality everyone. With a more diverse society we should not see the need for racial, sexual or disability court cases. More diverse society will be a more understanding society by that I mean that we should not have to force a building or company to put in a wheelchair ramp it will simply be understood that one is needed. The more understanding society will bring about the benefits of less crime less people in prison which will save us all tax dollars and the burdens that are put upon society by hate crimes. The benefits of this society will only continue to get better as the ignorance of discrimination is eliminated from our mindset. How can we foster a climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism in the United States? * The foster a climate of acceptance in United States we will need to revamp our education system. We need to bring more exposure of different races into the schools of our children. We will never defeat the closed minds of the ignorant until we put those prejudices to the test of a person to person encounter. To say that we hate black people when we have never met black people and we’re only going on what we see on TV, we are basing our prejudices on what other people want us to believe. If we are going to defeat discrimination and bring about cultural pluralism we will need to put those thoughts in the minds of our children. Education and first-hand experience is the only way they were going to bring about pluralism in the United States. There are too many rural communities where prejudices still exist today based upon ideals from 50 years ago. In what ways do the media perpetuate stereotyping and prejudice? Provide examples to support your assertion. How to cite Media Stereotyping, Essay examples

Financial Executives and Research Foundation - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Executives and Research Foundation. Answer: Introduction Ausenco is an engineering company that was founded in Brisbane, Australia in the year 1991 by the current CEO and managing director Zimi Meka and Bob Thorpe one of the board members in the company. It was listed in the year 2006 in the Australian stock exchange, ASX. It has multiple subsidiaries which are working also in both South and North America. Ausenco began expanding in 2008 by acquiring other companies to enhance their services in pipeline systems and vector engineering. It also invested in coal handling processing plants (Beechy et al., 2014). However, the company has tested several assets for impairment since their acquisition. As of end of financial year 2015, the company reported revenue of $179.15 million, a gross profit of $ 152.337 million, a negative operating income of $-52.971 million, a net loss of 62.717 million and a negative diluted earning per share of 0.36 Within your firms latest annual report, find Assets meant for impairment in the company Impairment: what is meant by impairment of an asset? The term "impairment" does not indicate anything other than a devaluation, that is to say, that the current value of an asset no longer corresponds to the book value (value of the asset registered in the books), which generates an error in the balance sheet, If the value of an asset rises too much, the benefits and the losses derived could be erroneous. In principle, both assets and liabilities of a balance can deteriorate. There are several assets that have been tested for impairment. This Standard should be applied in accounting for impairments of any asset class, except for the following: (a) Assets that may arise from contracts on construction (b) There is also impairment of deferred assets tax (c) Employee benefits cost assets can be impaired (d) Financial instruments as disclosed in the scope of IAS 32 (e) Property investment measured at fair value (f) Impairment on lists of subsidiaries owned by the company (g) Joint venture How the company conducts its impairment testing Impairment test: what is it and when does it apply? The value of a company's assets is not engraved in stone. Financial crises, natural catastrophes or market fluctuations can cause unforeseen devaluations of their value. As soon as an indication of such loss of value of the assets included in the balance sheet is detected, it is time to carry out an impairment test or asset impairment test (Lewis, 2011). Thanks to this valuation possible errors in the balance are corrected and the real value of the company is judged more adequately. Index Impairment: what is meant by impairment of an asset? What is the utility of an impairment test? How to make a goodwill impairment test: Although there are territorial differences that affect the accounting of companies, IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) establish IAS 36 at the supranational level, with IAS 36 as its Spanish equivalent, as the standard that defines asset impairment and its calculation. Only those values that are already regulated by other standards, such as, for example, inventories, financial instruments or real estate investments are excluded from it. The amount in the books of the assets is greater than its value in the stock market Intangible assets with an unlimited useful life or that cannot yet be used and goodwill, on the other hand, must be subjected to this impairment test every year, although the date can be freely chosen. Of course, in the consecutive years the chosen date must be maintained the first time. Has the company recorded any impairment within the financial fear Losses due to deterioration of the value of the patrimonial elements In accounting terms, there will be an impairment loss on an item of PPE or assets when its book value exceeds its amount recoverable, understood as the greater of its fair value less selling costs and its value that is currently in use (Kothari and Barone, 2011). In any loss of impairment, the accounting entry principle applies, which means that any unaccounted loss, in general, cannot be tax deductible in any case. That the period of six months from the expiration of the obligation has elapsed. That the debtor is declared in a competitive situation. That the debtor is prosecuted for a crime of raising property. That the credit has been claimed judicially or on the same has arisen litigation whose resolution depends on its collection. However, even if any of the above circumstances are met, the losses will not be deductible with respect to those listed below, unless they are the subject of an arbitration or judicial proceeding regarding their existence or amount: Those owed or secured by entities under public law. Those secured by credit institutions or reciprocal guarantee societies. Those that are guaranteed by real rights, pact of reservation of ownership and right of retention, except in cases of loss or debasement of the guarantee. Those guaranteed by a credit insurance or surety contract. Those that have been subject to renewal or express extension. Key estimates and assumptions in impairment of assets Define the rule for the calculation and recognition of losses due to deterioration of assets and their reversal. Establish rules for the presentation and disclosure of assets whose value has deteriorated or its deterioration has been reversed. Long-term assets They are those that remain in the long term, necessary for the operation of an entity from which the generation of future economic benefits is expected or that acquired for these purposes its disposition is decided (Harrington, Nunes and Roland, 2010). Operating assets. They are long-lived assets that directly generate cash flows. Signs of deterioration Some of the signs of the possible deterioration of long-lived assets in use are: Significant decrease in the market value of an asset. Significant reduction in the use of installed capacity. Loss of market of products or services provided by the entity. Technological changes. Physical damages. Suspension or cancellation of a franchise, license, etcetera. Subjectivity involved in the impairment testing process? Operating losses or negative cash flows in the period, combined with a loss history or projections that confirm the trend of continuous losses associated with a cash-generating unit. Gross loss in the entity or in one of its significant components. Depreciation and amortization charged to results that, in percentage terms in relation to income, are substantially higher than those of previous years. In addition to the above indications for the purpose of identifying whether a permanent investment, including its goodwill, is subject to the evaluation of potential loss. What is the utility of an impairment test? At the international level, the IFRS or the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) are the norms that regulate the application of the impairment test, which consists of a forced impairment test and with which it is a matter of knowing the real value of the assets assets. With this information, a reliable statement about the current status of the assets can be issued, which is especially significant for investors (Harrington, Nunes and Roland, 2010). According to IAS 36, it is necessary to carry out an impairment test whenever an indication of depreciation is detected in an asset that could come from internal or external evidence (internal and external sources in IAS 36). Internal sources could be, for example: Unfavorable changes in the financial and market environment Increase in market interest rates Interesting and confusing bits in impairment testing Most of the assets of a company, such as machinery, automobiles or computer equipment, are subject to deterioration due to use. For this type of goods, a systematic amortization is established in which the bookkeepers amortize the fixed assets regularly from the moment they start operating until they are sold, lost or scrapped. Apart from this constant depreciation, the accounting also foresees those cases in which the assets, although amortized according to the established plan, may also be affected by unexpected losses of value, or those with an indefinite useful life (which should not be amortize in fixed terms). In both cases, a deterioration test must be carried out (Harrington, Nunes and Roland, 2010). Insights on how companies conduct impairment testing? Deterioration. Existing condition when the future economic benefits, that is, their recovery value, of the "long-term assets" in use or disposition are lower than their "net book value". Recovery value. It is the highest between the "use value" and the "net sale price" a "cash generating unit". Long-term assets in use In the presence of any of the signs of impairment of a long-lived asset in use, entities must determine the possible loss due to deterioration, unless they have evidence that such indications are temporary. For this purpose, the recovery value of the cash generating unit will be determined. Sale price minus termination and sale costs fair value measurement This Standard is applicable to assets that are accounted for at their revalued value (fair value) following other International Accounting Standards, as is the case with the alternative treatment permitted by IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment. However, determining whether a previously revalued asset may have deteriorated, due to unexpected causes, depends on the criteria used to determine the fair value: Reasons why the IASB chairman thinks that leases do not reflect the state of the economy The (IASB) issued a new accounting standard on leases called IFRS 16, which will be applicable as of January 1, 2019. This standard applies to all leases, including those of the right to use subleases, with certain exceptions. The chairperson of the IASB said that this new accounting regulation will generate a significant impact on the entities, since now the lessees must reflect in their statements of financial position the effect of the lease contracts that are in force (Hitchner, Hyden and Mard, 2013). The IASB conducted a study in January 2016 in which it concluded, on a sample of 1,022 listed companies worldwide, that the current estimated value of future payments of current leases that are not shown in the statements of financial position ( operating leases) would represent 5.4 percent of the total assets already registered in those companies. The study shows how this percentage varies by sectors, for example, for airlines and retail (retail) is four times this average (about 20 percent). IFRS 16 substantially maintains the accounting requirements of the lessor established by IAS 17 Leases and requires the lessor to classify the lease as operating or financial. You can also read: Evaluate efforts and improve processes Off balance sheet lease liabilities The general objective of IFRS 16 is for entities to provide information that allows financial statements users to evaluate the leases effect on the financial situation, result and lessee cashflow. The Standard extends considerably the current information requirements on leases. In order to respond to the concerns expressed by many companies regarding the cost / benefit of applying IFRS 16 to certain rental agreements, the IASB has included some simplification, allowing accounting for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets directly as an expense, usually on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease (that is, continue with the accounting as current operating leases). With the implementation of the Standard, the lessee must recognize on the lease start date a right to use the asset and a lease liability (Hitchner, Hyden and Mard, 2013). You might also be interested: Entities must address changes in IFRS The cost of the right to use the assets will include the amount of the initial value of the lease liability (as described below), any payment paid to the lessor in advance, the initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of the costs to be incurred for the dismantling or restoration of assets. (iii) Reasons for lack of a level playing field between some airlines companies? The entities must value the lease liabilities at the current value of their lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if said interest rate can be easily determined, otherwise use the incremental interest rate of their loans. The lease liabilities must include, in addition to the fixed installments minus any incentive to receive, the variable installments that depend on an index or interest rate, payments to be made for residual value guarantees, the exercise price of the purchase option (when there is certainty to exercise it), and penalty payments for terminating the lease. What would cause this unpopularity according to the chairman? We invite you to evaluate the potential impact of the Standard on your company's financial statements, in addition to the effects on key indicators and metrics of your business, and the impacts that derive from them for contracts, such as covenant clauses in debt contracts, management remuneration contracts, etc., and even in credit risk and interest rates of financing (Hitchner, Hyden and Mard, 2013). Entry into force of the standard. The entry into force of the Standard for the years beginning on or after January 1, 2019, contemplates a certain time horizon ahead because the IASB understands that a broad transition period is necessary, both because of the magnitude of the changes and because of the the application the previous year (January 1, 2018) of the new IFRS 9. The right to use will be subject to systematic amortization during the term of the lease. Likewise, a financial expense will be recognized in the accounts for the interest related to the payment of deferred amounts. In this way, the linear lease expense arising from the current standard will be replaced by a constant amortization expense and decreasing financial expenses, which will alter the final result of the year. Consequently, the accounting implications in the tenant's balance sheet could be significant given the necessary recognition of some liabilities and assets that were out of balance to date. No less important are the effects on the profit and loss accounts, since the profit before taxes will be penalized by the recognition of a higher financial burden during the first years of the contract, and by the change in operating and financial margins. with respect to the current model (Kothari and Barone, 2011). IFRS 16 deals with both the identification of lease agreements and their accounting treatment in the financial statements of lessees and lessors. The new standard will replace current IAS 17 (and associated interpretations). There are very significant changes in the tenant's accounting. Operating leases, currently "off-balance", will enter the balance sheet. The current classification test disappears. The differentiation between financial and operating leases is eliminated. There will be a single lease model in which all rents are recognized in the balance sheet (more active and passive), as if they were financed purchases, with limited exceptions for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. No substantial changes for the landlord. On the contrary, there are practically no changes in the accounting of the lessors, which will continue with a dual model similar to the current IAS 17. (v) reasons why the new visibility of all leases will lead to better informed investment versus buy Givers will continue to do a classification test to distinguish between financial and operational leases. IFRS 16 substantially maintains the accounting requirements of the lessor of IAS 17 IFRS 16 requires the lessor to classify the lease as operating or financial. A financial lease is a lease in which all the risks and benefits derived from the ownership of the asset are substantially transferred. The Standard includes examples of situations in which a lease is classified as a finance lease. 5. Sale lease back real estate. Sale and Leaseback Transactions The companies that have sold their headquarters but remain as lessees (sale lease back real estate) will see their liabilities increase. This aspect is specifically addressed in IFRS 16 both from the point of view of the seller lessee as the buyer lessor (Kothari and Barone, 2011). Seller tenant Recognizes a right of use, calculated as a percentage of the previous book value of the asset, which represents the right of use that ha s been retained. References Beechy, T., Trivedi, V., MacAuley, K. and Beechy, T. (2014).Advanced financial accounting. Toronto: Pearson. Harrington, J., Nunes, C. and Roland, G. (2010).2010 goodwill impairment study. [Morristown, N.J.]: Financial Executives Research Foundation. Hitchner, J., Hyden, S. and Mard, M. (2013).Valuation for financial reporting. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Kothari, J. and Barone, E. (2011).Advanced financial accounting. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Lewis, R. (2011).Advanced Financial Accounting. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.

Literature Review of Fal-G free essay sample

CHAPTER. 2 Literature review GENERAL Fly ash is a waste product from thermal power plants where pulverized coal is used for the as per the literature review GouravHYPERLINK http://biblioteca. universia. net/autor/Gourav,%20K. html,  Studies, 2007. Fly ash is being utilized in the blended cements, additive for concrete and manufacturing of concrete blocks and bricks. Fly ash-lime-gypsum bricks are being manufactured and marketed throughout the country. The literature review on fly ash-lime-gypsum (FALG) mixtures as intended to manufacture bricks or blocks for masonry applications indicates several gaps in understanding the various aspects of the technology. The present thesis is an attempt to understand the behavior of compacted stabilized fly ash mixtures for the manufacture of fly ash bricks and characteristics of masonry using such bricks. A brief introduction to the technology of compacted stabilized fly ash bricks for structural masonry is provided. The main focus of the investigations is on arriving at the optimum stabilizer-fly ash mixtures considering density, stabilizer-fly ash ratio, curing conditions, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Fal-G or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page as the variables. Therefore the parameters/variables considered in the investigation include: (a) density of the compacted fly ash mixture, (b) stabilizer-fly ash ratio, (c) curing duration (normal curing and steam curing) and (d) dosage of additives like gypsum. The investigations clearly show the possibility of producing bricks of good quality using compacted fly ash-lime gypsum mixtures. Wet compressive strengths of 8- 10 MPa was obtained for compacted fly ash-lime-gypsum bricks at the age of 28 days. Wet strength to dry strength ratio for these bricks is in the range of 0. 55 – 0. 67. Initial tangent modulus for the fly ash-lime-gypsum bricks in saturated condition is in the range of 8000 – 12000 MPa. There is a large scope for selecting optimum mix ratios of Fly ash, sand, lime and other additives to obtain a specific designed strength for the brick. The thesis ends highlighting major conclusions of the investigations. A general study conducted on M30 strength of neat FaL-G has indicated that 1. 5 times of its dosage by weight, as against OPC, keeping the other aggregate same, renders a mortar or concrete of parallel grade strength. A Study on workability for M15 grade concrete has not shown any slump, unlike OPC. The additional 50% input of FaL-G cement might have rendered relatively better cohesion for wet concrete to show this phenomenon. Hence a different approach to study workability of FaL-G concrete has to be developed. Even at low workability, this can be considered as roller compacted concrete. FaL-G can replace OPC in many avenues. The reinforcement behavioral studies in reinforced FaL-G cement concrete (RFCC) are in progress but the postulations indicate that the constituent of FaL-G being 1. 5 times more than OPC by weight which in other words 3 times by volume of account of two to one ratio in densities, the specific area of cement matrix is relatively larger in RFCC than in RCC. Thereby reinforcement is more closely coated with cementitious gels and more safely ensured for water impermeability to veto the chances of corrosion. However FaL-G is weak abrasive product hence may be avoided on high abrasive prone areas, till its abrasive resistance is virtually improved. It is cheap in cost; transportation cost can be reduced by decentralizing the FaL-G cement activities. Fly ash-based brick and cement are far superior in engineering properties over their conventional competitors. This knowledge needs to be disseminated globally, more so in second and third world countries, through tangible technical explanations (Bhanumathidas and Kalidas 2003). Although results of FaL-G bricks and hollow blocks were promising, and the technology could not be implemented due to initial consumer resistance in adapting to new materials. Ambalavanan and Roja (1996) in their study of FaL-G bricks utilized waste lime and gypsum with fly ash. They have observed that in most cases the use of waste lime does not give technically desired results and some improvement is needed to increase the strength of FaL-G bricks. The treatment to be given to waste lime increases the cost of FaL-G bricks significantly as compared to conventional bricks, which is hindering the commercialisation of this new material. Some researchers have reported that there is fall in strength in FaL-G composites at later age. This aspect should be considered in the field application of FaL-G products. For wider application of FaL-G bricks and hollow blocks in the housing sector, extensive research is further needed. ENGINEERING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FAL-G Radhakrishnas (2010) preparation of FAL-g composite included both blocks cubes, with different parameters like finesse of fly ash, aggregate to binder ratio, degree of saturation, age testing the blocks and cubes for unconfined compression to determine the compressive strength. The strength data was generalized for a reference value of water-to-FaL-G ratio. A phenomenological model was developed to account for synergy between the materials used. Its robustness was verified with an independent set of experimental data. The predicted strength values are in close agreement with the experimental strength. He reinforced the possibility of using the model in the field to re-proportion the FaL-G mix of any consistency. Ismail Demur and Serhat Baspinar, 2007: investigated the effect of different type of pozzolan additions to cement free lightweight block made from fly ash–lime–gypsum mixture and observe the changes in physical, mechanical, thermal properties and microstructure Thermal conductivity of the fly ash–lime–gypsum mixture was improved by the addition of the expanded perlite. Optimal strength-thermal conductivity combination was obtained by the usage of silica fume and expanded perlite together. Improved strength properties were obtained by using hydrothermal curing conditions and super plasticizer addition. Mingjie Hua et al, 2009: conducted test using- -new type of semi-rigid road sub-bases. , which is a mixture of FGD gypsum, water glass and slaked lime. They studied molded samples of this new material investigated using different curing methods and measuring unconfined compressive Strength, soundness and water stability. Their team showed that the road sub-base material reflects excellent mechanical properties and soundness durability. S. K. Antiohos et al; 2007: In their test they studied Mechanical and durability characteristics of gypsum-free blended cements incorporating ulphate-rich reject fly ash. No gypsum was added in the mixtures, since it is believed that sulphate ions necessary for the prolongation of the setting process (commonly provided by gypsum) could be provided by fly ash enriched in sulphates. Their tests results revealed that waste materials not up to relevant standards could still contribute to the production of quality products of energy and economical efficien cy. * This article is not included in your organizations subscription. However, you may be able to access this article under your organizations agreement with Elsevier. As per Patent paper, Accession Number: 01022792; This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation on tensile strength, bearing ratio, and slake durability characteristics of a class F fly ash stabilized with lime alone or in combination with gypsum. They developed Empirical models to estimate tensile strength, bearing ratio, and slake durability indices of stabilized fly ash from unconfined compressive strength test results are also proposed herein. They concluded with enhanced tensile strength and durability characteristics, the stabilized fly ash may find potential use in civil engineering construction. Ambarish Ghosh; 2006: presents paper with results of a laboratory investigation on tensile strength, bearing ratio, and slake durability characteristics of a class F fly ash stabilized with lime alone or in combination with gypsum. Empirical models to estimate tensile strength, bearing ratio, and slake durability indices of stabilized fly ash from unconfined compressive strength test results are also studied, he reported that, with enhanced tensile strength and durability characteristics, the stabilized fly ash may find potential use in civil engineering construction. D. P. Benz et al; (2010); presents paper about thermal Properties of High-Volume Fly Ash Mortars and Concretes. Paper focuses on a characterization of the thermal properties, namely specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, of such mixture. Because the specimens being examined are well hydrated, estimates of the specific heat capacity based on a law of mixtures, with a â€Å"bound specific heat capacity value being employed for the water in the mixture, provide reasonable predictions of the measured performance. Observed measured values should provide a useful database for evaluating the thermal performance of high volume fly ash concrete structures. RESEARCH PAPER 1999: points about the effects of processing and materials variations on mechanical properties of lightweight cement composites. The mechanical properties were improved by increasing the amount of silica fume, fly ash, and fibers. Paper says both carbon fibers and alkali-resistant glass fibers were effective in reinforcing the matrices, but carbon fibers were superior to glass fibers. Fabrication techniques for producing lightweight cement composites that can substitute for autoclaved lightweight concrete was developed. Md. Moinul Islam1and Md. Saiful Islam 2010: did research about Strength Behaviors of Mortar Using Fly Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement. Concrete Research Letters Vol. 1(3) this paper reports the results of an experimental investigation carried out to study the effects of fly ash on strength development of mortar and the optimum use of fly ash in mortar. His test results show that strength increases with the increase of fly ash up to an optimum value, beyond which, strength values start decreasing with further addition of fly ash. Among the six fly ash mortars, the optimum amount of cement replacement in mortar is about 40%, which provides 14%higher compressive strength and 8% higher tensile strength as compared to OPC mortar. Jia-sheng Chen1 et al; February 2010: His study results show that yellow phosphorus slag can be used as the cement substitute for potential coagulation property. The hydration reaction involves hydration stage, solidifying stage, and strength stage with Ca (OH) 2 as the activating agent. The reaction rates of yellow phosphorus slag, Portland cement, and ultrafine powder hydration with the increase of microstructure stability and initial strength. S. Maitra et al; 2005: Effect of heat treatment on properties of steam cured fly ash-lime compacts was studied. Kinetics of thermal dehydration of the compacts was also studied from thermo gravimetric measurements under non-isothermal condition to ascertain the order of dehydration process and the associated activation energy. Seema Karami1 et al; 2010: Research was undertaken to study the effect of sulphate activation of Run of Station Ash (ROSA) blend with Red-Gypsum (RG), Plaster Board Gypsum (PG) and By-Pass Dust (BPD). Research on Fly ash, Lime and Phospho gypsum (FaL-G) reported that when gypsum was added to Fa-L mix, the compressive strength increased by 3 and 22 times in comparison with that of Fa alone and Fa-L at 28 days curing time, respectively [A. Ghosh and Ch. Subbarao, 2001]. FaL-G is a hydraulic binder that was used for bricks and hollow blocks [Kumar, 2002]. Analysis of aerated concrete block wall; construction quality control; paper gives information about aerated cement concrete blocks are made of , lime, gypsum and fly ash, or river sand as the main raw material, aluminum is made by the gas-foaming agent, molding, maintenance and other craft made of autoclaved porous block walls material. As a load-bearing and non load-bearing structural materials and thermal insulation envelope materials, with a light weight, thermal insulation, sound insulation performance is good; there is a certain mechanical strength and process ability advantages. This paper discusses the aerated concrete block wall construction quality control points. | ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS PapitaSaha ShyamalKSanyal;2010;The present contribution deals with the removal of cadmium ion using clay soil mixed with different admixture (cement, gypsum, lime, bentonite) as adsorbent in laboratory scale experiment. In continuous experiment it was observed that the % removal was 95–99%. A mathematical treatment of this adsorption phenomenon has been developed and it was observed that the experimental results showed satisfactory agreement with the theoretical predicted results. M. Ahmaruzzaman; 2010: In this paper, the utilization of fly ash in construction, as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of organic compounds, flue gas and metals, light weight aggregate, mine back fill, road sub-base, and zeolite synthesis is discussed. The adsorption capacity of fly ash may be increased after chemical and physical activation. Converting fly ash into zeolites not only alleviates the disposal problem but also converts a waste material into a marketable commodity. Investigations also revealed that the unburned carbon component in fly ash plays an important role in its adsorption capacity. Future research in these areas is also discussed. | As per the experimental studies done by S. Geetha, Ramamurthy; 2010: Chemical activation is done using Na2SO4 to enhance the strength of the cold-bonded aggregate by accelerating the pozzolanic reaction and formation of more ettringite. It was observed that increase in binder and Na2SO4 dosages increased the strength and decreased the open porosity thereby reducing the water absorption As per, Lal C. Ram Reginald E. Masto; 2010: Studies the application of FA has improved the physical, chemical and biological qualities of soil to which it is applied. FA generated in India tends to be mostly alkaline, with lower levels of trace elements than are often found in FAs from other countries. The concentrations of potential chemical stressors, predominantly metals, in Indian FAs are often less than established or proposed permissible limits and are thus better suited for soil application. A major logistic limitation to the use of FA could be the cost involved in transport of ash from production to utilization sites. High Volume Fly Ash Concrete and Its Mechanism Posted: 2009- It is known that the fly ash emissions from industrial by-products are very large. To fully exploit the potential activity of industrial waste, fly ash has to be used to reduce the amount of cement concrete. To reduce the Cost of production; turning waste into treasure, of harm into, saving a lot of valuable land dumping of fly ash; a greater degree of high performance edge, to improve concrete workability, durability, and physical and mechanical properties we have to use Fly Ash Concrete In one embodiment the invention provides solid bricks produced by compressing together fly ash, bottom ash, gypsum, calcium carbonate, and lime. These bricks have sufficient structural strength for use in building and construction. In another embodiment, waste materials are encapsulated in a mixture of fly ash, bottom ash, gypsum, lime, and calcium carbonate and compressed into bricks that may be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. Further, the compressed bricks containing waste material may be coated with an impermeable membrane of a synthetic polymeric material. Further, the invention provides a mobile, trailer-mounted apparatus for compressing the mixtures into bricks. Mohammad M. Khabiri; 2010: studied the effect of Stabilized Sub base, Containing Waste Construction Materials on Reduction of Pavement Rutting Depth, examined the changes of rutting depths due to using from stabilized Recyclables materials. Milken et al; study investigates the feasibility of using coal fly ash and fly ash-bentonite mixtures as a barrier material for mine waste. Tara Sen and Umesh Mishra; 2010: studied, applications of industrial wastes considered in road construction with great interest in many industrialized and developing countries. The results of this study suggest that the addition of 10% bentonite to coal fly ash reduced the hydraulic conductivity of the coal fly ash to less than 1_10? 9 ms and improved the chemical compatibility for mine waste containment. Use of these materials in road making is based on technical, economic, and ecological criteria. Various Industrial wastes for use in the construction of highway have been found to be successful. ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES. Eco-housing Assessment Criteria 2009. Information about Fly Ash Lime Gypsum Brick. Fly ash-lime-gypsum bricks / blocks are very good products, giving the highest strength among various bricks. These require relatively higher investment and expensive raw materials to give arrange of high strength products. This is most suitable for mechanized operations, though semi mechanized operations are also possible. Fly ash lime gypsum bricks are made up of 60% fly ash, 10-20% lime and 10-20% gypsum. These bricks have medium range strength. Minimum compressive strength (28 days) of 70 kg/cm2 can easily be achieved and this can go up to 250 Kg/cm2 (in autoclaved type). Advantage of these bricks over burnt clay bricks: Lower requirement of mortar in construction, Plastering over brick can be avoided, Controlled dimensions, edges, smooth and fine finish can be in different colors using pigments and cost effective, energy-efficient environment friendly (This avoids the use of fertile clay). Polycor Vetrazzo; -2010: did research about recycled material investigates the composition preferably used for recycle that is Fal-g and observes, has high recycle content. The sheet-form material made in accordance with the invention can be used to provide exposed solid surfaces, for example, surfaces for shower walls and floors, counter-tops, table-tops, and the like, where low hydraulic permeability and high compressive and tensile strength are required. The cement content is relatively low, preferably in the range of about 3% to 20% by weight, and the pozzolan to cement ratio is relatively high, preferably equal to or greater than unity and can be suitably used as alternative construction material. Godfrey MadzivireLeslie et al; 2010: studies about Balfo Application of coal fly ash to circumneutral mine waters for the removal of sulphates as gypsum and ettringite. They observed Subsequent treatment of circumneutral mine water to pH greater than 11 resulted in more than 60% sulphate removal. Treatment of circumneutral mine water to pH greater than 11 with FA followed by seeding with gypsum crystals and the addition of amorphous Al(OH) 3 resulted in removal of sulphate to levels below the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) water quality effluent limit (500  ppm0). Keat-Teong LeeKok-Chong Tan, et al, 2007, they devised a Model that was found useful to predict the daily operation of flue gas desulfurization processes by using CaO/CaSO4/coal fly ash sorbent to remove O2from flue gas. Puvvadi V et al; 2010: studied about Gypsum treated fly ash as a liner for waste disposal facilities. They investigated the use of gypsum, which is known to accelerate the unconfined compressive strength by increasing the lime reactivity, and further improving the hydraulic conductivity. They made an attempt in the present context to reduce the hydraulic conductivity by adding lime content up to 10% to two selected samples of class F fly ashes. They investigated that the higher amount of lime in the presence of sulphate is observed to produce more cementitious compounds which block the pores in the fly ash. The consequent reduction in the hydraulic conductivity of fly ash would be beneficial in reducing the leach ability of trace elements present in the fly ash when used as a base liner. J. Sanjurjo Sanchez et al. 2010. Studied about the deposition of particles on gypsum-rich coatings of historic buildings in urban and rural environments and made comparisons. They studied XRF and SEM analyses of these coatings and their comparison with both the composition of dust coatings formed by the deposition of gaseous and particulate matter in an urban and a rural locality allows assessing which pollution sources are the most damaging for these materials, knowing the elemental composition of these emissions. Aly Ahmed et al; 2011: did Investigations of using recycled gypsum â€Å"bassanite† which is derived from gypsum waste plasterboard and waste plastic trays for ground improvement; this can be also used for soil improvement. Recycled gypsum content, curing time and frost heave property throughout capillary rise test were investigated to determine the behavior of treated soil with recycled gypsum. In addition, size, content and aspect ratio of strips of waste plastic trays were investigated. Adding strips of waste plastic trays to samples treated with recycled gypsum enhanced both splitting tensile and compressive strengths as well increased the value of secant modulus. The size and content of strips of waste plastic trays have significant effect on the potential of capillary rise and the enhancement of strength and stiffness of tested soil. Mridul Garg et al; 2010:did investigations about environment hazard mitigation of wasteHYPERLINK http://www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6V2G-50HWJ3X-9_user=10_coverDate=07%2F14%2F2010_alid=1529465624_rdoc=2_fmt=high_orig=search_origin=search_zone=rslt_list_item_cdi=5702_sort=r_st=13_docanchor=view=c_ct=15_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=227eba22bc38c03d62ab580849bcc1c7searchtype=a gypsumHYPERLINK http://www. sciencedirect. om/science? _ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6V2G-50HWJ3X-9_user=10_coverDate=07%2F14%2F2010_alid=1529465624_rdoc=2_fmt=high_orig=search_origin=search_zone=rslt_list_item_cdi=5702_sort=r_st=13_docanchor=view=c_ct=15_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=227eba22bc38c03d62ab580849bcc1c7searchtype=a and chalk how to utilize HYPERLINK http://www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6V2G-50HWJ3X-9_user=10_coverDate=07%2F14%2F2010_alid=1529465624_rdo =2_fmt=high_orig=search_origin=search_zone=rslt_list_item_cdi=5702_ sort=r_st=13_docanchor=view=c_ct=15_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=227eba22bc38c03d62ab580849bcc1c7searchtype=a in construction materials. The paper deals with studies on select wastes like phosphogypsum and chalk for use in value-added building materials. The engineering properties and techno-economics of materials like gypsum plasters, cementitious binders, boards/blocks, masonry cement and flooring tiles produced from phosphogypsum and lime have been detailed. They came to the conclusion that the production and use of building materials from such wastes will protect the environment from degradation. The disposal and use of solid industrial wastes like phosphogypsum, fluorogypsum, fly ash, and slag can be met successfully. Activation or strengthening of fly ash-lime with gypsum Yang MinQian Jueshi and Pang Ying; 2007:studied about the Activation of fly ash–lime systems using calcined phosphor gypsum also experiments were performed to determine the effect of calcined phosphogypsum on the strength of fly ash–lime binders. Significant strength increases compared to binders without calcined phosphogypsum were observed due to the activation. They opined lime sludge, is significant in view of their availability and potential applications. Kelly RuschTingzong Guo and Roger; 2002: They investigated how best PG can be stabilized with class C fly ash and lime for potential use in marine environments. Development of the ruptures in the composites must be considered when the composites are used for aquatic applications. They came to the conclusion that effective diffusion coefficients and effective diffusion depths alone are not necessarily good indicators of the long-term survivability of PG: class C fly ash: lime composites. Larbi Kacimi Martin Cyrand Pierre Clastres; 2010: The objective of this study was the synthesis of L-C2S (Ca2SiO4) belite cement, starting from fly-ash of system CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–SO3, and using the hydrothermal method in alkaline solution. The optimization of the synthesis parameters (temperature and time of stirring, pH of solution, temperature and duration of mixture burning) was also studied. The results obtained showed that these ashes could form belite cement composed of only one dicalcium silicate phase ( L-C2S). Bhanumathidas and Kalidas; 2004: They studied the Point of View Dual role of gypsum: Set retarder and strength accelerator. They opined while all fly ashes may not need additional gypsum, care has to be taken not to deprive those fly ashes in need of additional gypsum FaL-G technology, developed by the authors, achieved its breakthrough by tapping the potential of calcium aluminates towards the formation of ettringite and mono-sulphate; thus changing the pace of lime-fly ash chemistry. They said gypsum plays a predominant role as the strength accelerator in the context of hydrated mineralogy in FaL-G. Moreover, gypsum works as set-accelerator in lime-pozzolana binders in contrast to its role as set-retarder in OPC. Stefania Grzeszczyk, and Katarzyna Front; 2000. They carried out rheological studies out on the effect of a super plasticizer from the sulphonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF) group upon the properties of fly ash suspensions containing a small quantity of mineral admixtures such as cement, lime and gypsum. Ghosh, et al; 2007: They studied about Leaching of Lime from Fly Ash Stabilized with Lime and Gypsum. They presented leaching test results of a class F low lime fly ash stabilized with varying percentages of lime (4, 6, and 10%) alone or in combination with gypsum (0. 5 and 1. 0%).. The effects of factors like lime content, gypsum content, curing period, and flow period on leaching of lime from a compacted stabilized fly ash matrix are reported herein. Two non dimensional parameters, alpha sub coi and beta sub coi, are presented herein to study the effect of gypsum on the total amount of calcium leached out from the compacted stabilized fly ash. They presented a model is also to estimate the amount of calcium leached out from the stabilized fly ash. Ambarish Ghosh 2010; conducted lab test to determine the compaction Characteristics and Bearing Ratio of Pond Ash Stabilized with Lime and Phosphogypsum. This paper presents the laboratory test results of a Class F pond ash alone and stabilized with varying percentages of lime (4, 6, and 10%) and PG (0. 5, and 1. 0), to study the suitability of stabilized pond ash for road base and sub base construction. As per the empirical model he developed to estimate the bearing ratio for the stabilized mixes through multiple regression analysis. Linear empirical relationship has been presented herein to estimate soaked bearing ratio from unsoaked bearing ratio of stabilized pond ash. He concluded from the experimental results that pond ash-lime-PG mixes have potential for applications as road base and sub base materials. As per,PeijiangHYPERLINK http://scitation. aip. org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet? KEY=ASCERLpossible1=Sun%2C+Peijiangpossible1zone=authormaxdisp=25smode=strresultsaqs=true Sun and HwaiHYPERLINK http://scitation. aip. org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet? KEY=ASCERLpossible1=Wu%2C+Hwai-Chungpossible1zone=authormaxdisp=25smode=strresultsaqs=true-Chung Wu 2009, Splitting Tensile Strength of Fly Ash Activated by Hydrothermal Hot-Pressing Process, an innovative process of recycling fly ash (both Class F and Class C) into potential construction materials with superior mechanical properties is investigated. Several key parameters—such as treatment temperature, duration of process, and amount of chemical activator—are evaluated critically. The results confirm that fly ash can be solidified and specimens show splitting tensile strengths of about 1. 0  MPa by hydrothermal hot pressing alone. With a small amount of chemical activator (NaOH), the tensile strength can reach as highas5. 4  MPa. Fal-g used as Road sub base parameters Weiguo ShenMingkai Zhoua and Qinglin Zhao; 2006:, Studied on lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum, FaL-g Binder. As per his their study a new type of lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum binder was prepared. To improve the performances of lime–fly ash binder this was a typical semi-rigid road base Material binder in China. They concluded the modified lime powder had much higher activity than ordinary quick lime or slaked lime powder; it was the best alkali activator to prepare lime–fly ash–phosphogypsum binder. As per, Degirmenci Nurhayat; 2008, they investigated Utilization of phosphogypsum as raw and calcined material in manufacturing of building products. The main objective of this research was to investigate the utilization potential of phosphogypsum with fly ash and lime in construction industry. On the basis of the test results, it was concluded that the curing conditions have an important influence on the compressive and flexural strength of the binder specimens. It was also concluded that the, Cementitous binder obtained can be used for the production of interior wall materials such as bricks and blocks MinYang et al; 2008: presented a (Technical Note) regarding activation of fly ash-lime systems using calcined phosphogypsum. Experiments were performed to determine the effect of calcined phosphogypsum on the strength of fly ash lime binders. But lowering the lime to calcined phosphogypsum ratio of blends with the same fly ash content yielded a relatively lower compressive development at late ages. Strengths of samples cured first at 45[degrees] C in over 90% R. H. for 12 h and then at room temperature were better than those cured at room temperature all the time. X-ray analysis suggests that the activation of calcined phosphogypsum to the systems was due to the formation of ettringite and dehydrate calcium sulfate during the hydration process. LJMU 2008 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 20TH -21ST FEBRUARY 2008, LIVERPOOL, UK. This paper will review the various applications for coal fly ash associated with road construction, summaries the technical benefits and discuss in detail the environmental and sustainability considerations of its use. Composite masonry material from Fal-G A Paki Turgut; 2010: investigated about Masonry composite material made of limestone powder and fly ash. LP waste and class-C FA were used to produce a composite material without the addition of Portland cement. They concluded, from Preliminary results obtained from the tests that masonry composites can be produced using LP, FA and water. | | | etd AT Indian Institute of Science  ;  1994:Did investigation about-| -a method of using waste materials produced by coal combustion to produce useful products. In one embodiment the invention provides solid bricks produced by compressing together fly ash, bottom ash, gypsum, calcium carbonate, and lime. These bricks have sufficient structural strength for use in building and construction. In another embodiment, waste materials are encapsulated in a mixture of fly ash, bottom ash, gypsum, lime, and calcium carbonate and compressed into bricks that may be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. Further, the compressed bricks containing waste material may be coated with an impermeable membrane of a synthetic polymeric material. Further, the invention provides a mobile, trailer-mounted apparatus for compressing the mixtures into bricks. P. Chindaprasirt; 2008: did investigation about Lightweight bricks made of diatomaceous earth, lime and gypsum. They studied Water content, pre-curing period, lime content, gypsum content and calcined temperature. The nature of hydration products and morphological characteristics of the lightweight bricks are also investigated. Yang et al; 2009 conducted studies about Preparation of load-bearing building materials from autoclaved phosphogypsum. The present study was focused on autoclaved PG and its use in making load-bearing wall bricks. Tobermorite was the significant hydrated product, which contributed to the strength of bricks. The use of autoclaved PG for making load-bearing wall bricks was recommended instead of conventional burnt clay bricks. A possibility to get water-stable materials at curing in the ambient air. It was shown that water uptake might be reduced by different methods, the best of which is short-term impregnation by a hydrophobic liquid of the siloxane group. Results from experiments with small specimens and full size pressed blocks were compared. It is noted that blocks answered to the requirements of Israeli Standard to cement concrete blocks. As per the S. Marinkovic and A. Kostic-Pulek; 2007. Examination of the system fly ash–lime–calcined gypsum–water. The feasibility of the utilization of the system fly ash–lime–calcined gypsum (? -hemihydrates)–water (the mass ratio 2:1:2:2. 5) for the production of building ceramics was investigated. S. Marinkovic and A. Kostic-Pulek opined curing of these products, a compressive strength of 4. 01  MPa in the water-cured and 7. 83  MPa in air-cured system developed. When the air-cured system was exposed to three alternate heating–cooling or three alternate cooling–heating cycles, the compressive strength increased (from 7. 83 to 9. 47 and 10. 55  MPa, respectively). The fly ash–lime–calcined gypsum–water systems prepared in this work can be applied for the manufacture of products for internal walls (bricks and blocks). As per Vimal Chandra Pandey Nandita Singh; 2010, systems Studies revealed that the lower FA incorporation in soil modifies the physico-chemical, biological and nutritional quality of the soil. He concluded that FA could be effectively used in the barren or sterile soil for improving quality and enhancing fertility. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of FA addition into degraded soils for improving nutritional and physico-chemical properties. As per literature review of   Gourav, K  2010; fly ash-lime-gypsum (FALG) mixtures as intended to manufacture bricks or blocks for masonry applications indicates several gaps in understanding the various aspects of the technology. The literature review on the present thesis is an attempt to understand the behavior of compacted stabilized fly ash mixtures for the manufacture of fly ash bricks and characteristics of masonry using such bricks. A brief introduction to the technology of compacted stabilised fly ash bricks for structural masonry is provided. Review of the literature on fly ash-lime and fly ash-lime-gypsum mixtures, and fly ash bricks are provided in chapter 1The main focus of the investigations is on arriving at the optimum stabilizer-fly ash mixtures considering density, stabilizer-fly ash ratio, curing conditions, etc. as the variables. Some of the major conclusions of the investigations are (a) compressive strength of compacted stabilised fly ash mixtures is sensitive to dry density of the specimens and the strength increases with increase in density irrespective of stabilizer content and type of curing, (b) Optimum lime fly ash ratio yielding maximum strength is 0. 5, (c) addition of gypsum accelerates rate of strength gain for compacted fly ash-lime mixtures (d) for 28 days wet burlap curing optimum gypsum content yielding maximum strength is 2% and maximum compressive strength is achieved for lime contents in the range of 10 – 17%, (e) steam curing (at 80  °C for 24 hours) gives highest compressive strengt h for compacted fly ash-lime mixtures. Compressive strength, flexure bond strength and stress strain relationship for the fly ash brick masonry using cement-lime mortars were evaluated. The investigations clearly show the possibility of producing bricks of good quality using compacted fly ash-lime gypsum mixtures. Wet compressive strengths of 8- 10 MPa was obtained for compacted fly ash-lime-gypsum bricks at the age of 28 days. Wet strength to dry strength ratio for these bricks is in the range of 0. 55 – 0. 67. There is a large scope for selecting optimum mix ratios of fly ash, sand, lime and other additives to obtain a specific designed strength for the brick. Curing effect; on improving strength of fal-g. As per, Is? k Yilmaz and Berrin Civelekoglu; 2009, this paper deals with the performance of the gypsum as an additive for treatment of the expansive clay soils by means of swell potential and strength. Gypsum can be used as a stabilizing agent for expansive clay soils, effectively. The literature contains a vast number of stabilizing techniques such as lime, cement, and fly-ash for treatment of expansive clay soils. They however concluded the use of gypsum as a stabilizing agent is currently not clear. As per Pimraksa and P. Chindaprasirt; 2008, Water content, pre-curing period, lime content, gypsum content and calcined temperature are the factors investigated. The nature of hydration products and morphological characteristics of the lightweight bricks are also investigated. He concluded that the diatomaceous earth possesses pozzolanic property and can be used for making lightweight bricks. Concrete blocks of fal-g As per the literature review of Sunil Kumar. 2007, The compressive strength, water absorption and weight of FaL-G hollow blocks were determined . FaL-G hollow blocks are light in weight and being hollow, impart thermal insulation to the buildings. In this paper, a study based on the results of an experimental investigation on FaL-G hollow blocks is presented. The durability of these blocks in terms of loss in compressive strength in sulfate environments is also presented in this paper. It is observed that FaL-G hollow blocks have sufficient strength for their use in general building construction. High Volume Fly Ash Concrete and Its Mechanism Posted: 2009: As the fly ash emissions from industrial by-products is very large, large volume fly ash concrete to fully exploit the potential activity of industrial waste fly ash to reduce the amount of cement, concrete to reduce the Cost of production; to improve concrete workability, durability, and physical and mechanical properties. High Volume Fly Ash Concrete to save both cement, but also consume a large amount of fly ash, for the reduction of Environmental load of very effective. High Volume Fly Ash Concrete as a new type of material has its own unique advantages, with its performance study, large volume fly ash concrete and continuously improves the performance. In one embodiment the invention provides solid bricks produced by compressing together fly ash, bottom ash, gypsum, calcium carbonate, and lime. These bricks have sufficient structural strength for use in building and construction. In another embodiment, waste materials are encapsulated in a mixture of fly ash, bottom ash, gypsum, lime, and calcium carbonate and compressed into bricks that may be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. Further, the compressed bricks containing waste material may be coated with an impermeable membrane of a synthetic polymeric material. Further, the invention provides a mobile, trailer-mounted apparatus for compressing the mixtures into bricks. As per the Technical paper ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES. 2009. Fly ash-lime-gypsum bricks / blocks are very good products, giving the highest strength among various bricks. These require relatively higher investment and expensive raw materials to give arrange of high strength products. This is most suitable for mechanized operations, though semi mechanized operations are also possible. Fly ash lime gypsum bricks are made up of 60% fly ash, 10-20% lime and 10-20% gypsum. These bricks have medium range strength. Minimum compressive strength (28 days) of 70 kg/cm2 can easily be achieved and this can go up to 250 Kg/cm2 (in autoclaved type). Advantage of these bricks over burnt clay bricks: Lower requirement of mortar in construction, Plastering over brick can be avoided, Controlled dimensions, edges, smooth and fine finish can be in different colors using pigments and cost effective, energy-efficient environment friendly

CPC Portfolio Templates Essays

CPC Portfolio Templates Essays CPC Portfolio Templates Essay CPC Portfolio Templates Essay Therefore, it is necessary for healthcare providers to understand the key elements of PC. This article assess the implementation a concept analysis of PC (definition, concepts and theoretical perspectives). What data or evidence do the authors use to support the hypothesis or quantitative data etc. Figures, summary boxes, case notes to support the articles Patient centered care (PC) consider patients at the centre of health care system Patient is considered as a whole person with physical, psychological and social needs. A critical role of health care professionals is to provide a supportive environment that promotes recovery for patients and it is important for them to learn skills to provide supportive, holistic care. Adequate and appropriate education on PC are required to carry out PC, WI a planned and coordinated approach. Patient centered care (PC) should be understood to be a heather system here patients are considered as a whole person with biological, psychological and social needs. Basic elements such as respect, compassion, concern, shared decision- making and communication are seen very important points. Health professionals need to have a good knowledge Of clinical practice, as well as skills in data gathering, clinical reporting/ documentation, procedures, communication, relationship development to implement PC It is necessary to have a planned and coordinated approach with good staff, teamwork and adequate education healthcare providers to carry out PC. Rationale for choosing this article. Why is this relevant to your literature review in Part B of the portfolio assessment task? This article mentions very clear about definition, models, advantages of patient- centered care (PC) as well as knowledge and skills required in PC which are essential for my review of literature about the concept of person centered care. The content of this article is very clear and was presented in some important points such as data gathering, patient assessment skills, procedures skills, communication skills, relationships skills and so on. And I think they will help or the part analysis of a delegation situation in the case of Ms Beaten. The artificial might also help how to communicate with patients during placement and do the discharge plan for patients Journal article or book chapter summary (3) Recent journal article (2008-2013) or book chapter relevant to person-centered care that will contribute to the literature review in part B Of the portfolio assessment task in this subject. This should NOT be one of the articles used in the enquiry guide. (350 words) Article/book chapter citation: Type of article or book chapter: (Quantitative research/Qualitative research/ Literature review/case study etc. Type of publication: (Journal impact factor, peer review etc. For a book chapter it is part of a book with a specific focus or within a professional issues type book, how authoritative is the book? ) What is the purpose of the article/book chapter? (What question/problem are the authors trying to address? Hypotheses if relevant) quantitative data etc. ) Outline the key points identified in the article/book chapter. Rat ionale for choosing this article/book chapter. Why is this relevant to your literature review in Part B of the portfolio assessment task? NOGGINS Assessment Rubric Criteria Excellent (>80%) very Good (70 79%) Good (60 69%) Fair (50 59%) poor 50%) Mark Journal article review (1) (350 words) 7 marks Part A *peer-reviewed, professionally oriented, within past six years 6 7 marks Journal article appropriate*and relevant to the topic for the literature review (part B). Correct PAP 6 style for citation. Demonstrates an excellent understanding of the purpose, key points and conclusions related to the chosen article. Correct information given for all items. Clear rationale for choice of theatrical with an appropriate depth. Writing was coherent with logical development of key ideas. Arks Demonstrates a very good understanding of the purpose, key points and Rationale for choice Of the article mostly clear and with an appropriate depth. Writing was predominantly coherent with logical development of key ideas. 4 . 5 marks Demonstrates a good understanding of the purpose, key points and conclusions related to the chosen article. Mostly correct informa tion given. Rationale for choice of the article lacks depth and clarity. Writing was mostly coherent with logical development of key ideas. 3. 5 -4. Marks Journal article not be appropriate*or relevant to the topic for the iterate review (part B). Partially correct PAP 6 style for citation. Demonstrates a limited understanding of the purpose, key points and conclusions related to the chosen article. Some correct information given. Rationale for choice of the artillery superficial. Writing had limited coherence and development of key ideas.

ASSIGNMENT #1 - Request for Funding Memo Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

#1 - Request for Funding Memo - Assignment Example Being in the HR department, this course will be important for the company. For efficient dialogue, individual communication skills are very important, and this involves both nonverbal and verbal skills of communication. When this skills are applied, they communicate idea clearly, hence the employees immediately understands what they are asked. Effective writing is of need to assist in all forms of CVs, and essays that always have to signify the individual. In that case, the individual ability and personality is to be formed in the readers’ opinion by the person writing. In my work, these skills of writing are very important from the beginning of an operation to the final step of the operation. During the course, there will be various presentations by different students that will give me an opportunity to compare various presentations and come up with a solution to challenges facing the organization in my department. This will also help in improving my approach to various problems in the company. I will fully play my roll as needed by the company given the short distance of the University from the company and the choice of time of my classes. Richardson, A. F., Clancy, N., Public Safety and Justice Program (Rand Corporation), & United States. (2009). Understanding forfeitures: An analysis of the relationship between case details and forfeiture among TEOAF high-forfeiture and major cases. Santa Monica, Calif: RAND Safety and

Confucianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Confucianism - Essay Example Thus politeness being a universal communication phenomenon it reflects particular cultural values that come with or rather which are linked to diverse cultures. Being a relatively vital aspect in cross-cultural communication, politeness enables people from different cultures to establish, consolidate or maintain harmonious interpersonal relations that reduce misunderstandings and conflicts in the society. A snapshot on various aspects of politeness in the two cultures, Chinese and English, depicts that the rules of communication differ as they are influenced by the values and beliefs of individuals from these communities. For instance, the English people always address others according to their genders; Mr., Mrs., Miss and Ms, followed with a surname, depending on age and marital status. On the other hand, the Chinese address people using a surname and the title of the occupation; â€Å"Wang yi sheng† to mean Doctor Wang, â€Å"Lee xiao zhang† to mean Principal Lee and â€Å"shi fu† can be used to address strangers. In addition, the Chinese culture, especially for children, â€Å"shushu† and â€Å"a yi† are always used to address uncle and aunty respectively. Another aspect of politeness in the two cultures is farewell and greetings. Whenever the English people meet, they always use phrases like â€Å"Nice to meet you,† â€Å"Good Morning,† â€Å"Good evening† and â€Å"Good afternoon.† For the Chinese, the phrase â€Å"ni hao† is always used whenever people meet. Moreover, when the China people meet their acquaintances, one can say â€Å"qu na li† to ask where one is going or â€Å"chi le ma?† to ask whether one has eaten or not. Thus, whenever an native speaker of English hear the Chinese phrases, he or she might interpret them as invitation lunch or dinner and any other interference in their personal affair. I met one of my colleagues, an English speaker on my way to a restaurant. I was

Development task 2... assignment with label sketch - 3

Development task 2... with label sketch - Assignment Example The depth of the concrete has to be greater than 500 millimeter. From ground level, the depth of the concrete must be greater than 1500 millimeter (Cyril, 2003: 110). Since the ground condition has firm clay, therefore there is a need to consider the depth of foundations. Clay exhibits the property to shrink or contract depending on the moisture content present in it (Kenneth, 1993:25). At the same time, if the surrounding area has trees, there is a possibility that the trees would absorb the moisture from the clay and hence, the foundation may experience settlement to a significant level. For this case, it is essential to consider the depth of the foundation. A trench fill foundation is thus ideal for this type of site condition. Research suggests that â€Å"trench fill foundations are quicker to prepare than deep strip foundations. This means that there is less disruption once the building work starts and not as much labour time will be needed. It is less likely that subsidence will occur in cases where there may be changes in the soils substrata† (Mosley & Bungey, 2000, 48). The site has different ground conditions and has different soils. Thus, it has a weak bearing capacity. For this purpose, the ideal foundation would be strip, grid or mat foundation. In this case, the suggested foundation is mat foundation. Because of varying ground conditions, majority of the isolated footings would have large areas and thus, it would become uneconomical (Terzaghi et.al, 2006, 256)l. According to the British Code, â€Å"Where the subsoil is very weak the load needs to be spread over a greater area. This is achieved by casting a slab of concrete over the whole ground area and thickening the slab where walls are to be placed†(Perry & Perry, 2009, 118). The design of any reinforced concrete structure aims at a suitable and economical design and for this purpose, mat foundation is ideal. A mat foundation is often used by designers when isolated footings may

International Monetary Fund Essay Example for Free

International Monetary Fund Essay The question â€Å"To what extent has the International Monetary Fund contributed in revamping the Nigerian economy since the 1980’s?† is a question that helps us to evaluate the true impact of international monetary policy.   In order to further understand the meaning of this question, this paper will examine the following subjects – 1) the meaning of the question, 2) the significance of the question for International Relations scholars, 3) how the question relates to other published work in the area, and 4) what methods would be employed to answer the question. First of all, the question is directly focused on economic impacts.   However, the question is not simply a matter of metrics, because the question is directed at procedural changes as well.   The question is focused on the restructuring of the Nigerian economy.   To only use economic metrics would fail to address the consequences restructuring entails.   When the IMF releases money to a country, they stipulate conditions that the country must meet. Therefore, the question is also directed at the matching the directives of the IMF with the implementation within Nigeria.   The question is not asking if the IMF has had a positive or negative impact on Nigeria, so value judgments can be left aside.   However, there are several hidden economic impacts.   Structural changes to the workforce, changes in occupations, and new roles within the economy are all more difficult to measure, but can be considered a result of economic policy.    Therefore, the question means 1) what are the economic stipulations of the IMF from the 1980’s until now, 2) has the Nigerian government met the requirements of the IMF, 3) what restructuring has occurred within the Nigerian economy as a result of the IMF, 4) what economic measures can be attributed to these changes, and 5) what are the indirect economic impacts of the IMF policies. International relations scholars are interested in this question because the answers yield important data on the impacts of policy.   International relations scholars are often consulted on questions of policy.   It is therefore in their best interest to know the impacts of policies made in the past.   In this regard, they are historians.   First of all, it is critically important for International Relations scholars to understand what the IMF has attempted to revamp within the Nigerian economy by tracing the stipulations as they were made. Additionally, the scholar can look at the Nigerian government’s ability to meet the demands of the IMF.   How well were they able to integrate the changes required by the IMF.   Were there consequences that required new policies in the future?   In tracing these policy changes, the scholar can also piece their own picture together of what the IMF did well (what was effective), and what changes needed to be made in direction in order to achieve effectiveness.   They can also have a unique insight into the culture and politics of Nigeria, as well as the internal culture and politics of the IMF. At this point, the International Relations scholar can also know what economic measures are affected by differing types of policies and requirements.   Additionally, they can make recommendations on what types of correlations can be found between initiative and their impact.   Perhaps some of the most valuable information for International Relations scholars, however, is related to the indirect impact of the IMF’s policies. When looking at the restructuring of the Nigerian economy, the International Relations scholar is able to examine the changes within the population, how people moved around, the changes in families, etc.   This type of information allows for a more comprehensive picture of economic change and the effects policy can have on cultural change.   Also, this may highlight the challenges represented by a more powerful entity interacting with a less powerful entity on a global scale. There has been much written about Nigeria since the 1980’s.   There are environmental reports, malnutrition reports, and economic reports.   However, these all approach Nigeria from a different perspective than the direction of this question.   This question seeks to directly explore the impact of IMF policies and economic aid on the revamping of the Nigerian economy.   As such, this question seeks to provide supporting information of the changes in Nigeria.   It seeks to trace change related to IMF policies alone.    It is impossible to completely know what current conditions in Nigeria are caused solely or even primarily by the IMF policies, however by focusing on the IMF, widespread impacts can be evaluated from IMF policies.   It is taking the infusion of money and change of monetary policy as the starting point and looking for the economic aspects affected.   One of the main sources for research on these types of development programs is found with the World Bank.   A particularly useful document is â€Å"The Evolution of Poverty and Welfare in Nigeria, 1982 – 1992.†[1]Using this document and also information from the IMF, the scholar can tie together the policies of the IMF and the effects. In order to study such a complex issues, a rigorous approach will need to be taken.   It is the most difficult to know the indirect impacts of the IMF’s economic policies.   It is undesirable to claim that changes were a result of IMF policy, if in fact, they owed their existence to a governmental or environmental change.   However, the economy is so closely entwined with all aspects of life, the implications of the IMF policies will be seen to have far-reaching consequences. Therefore, we can begin by examining the Nigerian economy and economic statistics in 1980, and comparing them with the present day to get snapshots of the economic health of Nigeria at these two points in time.   These snapshots, however, encompass other economic influences other than the IMF programs.   Then the specific policies of the IMF and their objectives are compared to the resulting economic changes to see if the stated goals have been achieved via metrics. Also involved in this analysis is the ability of the Nigerian government to implement the changes required by the IMF.  Ã‚   This area of analysis is perhaps the easiest, as the initiatives of the IMF are easily available.   However, information on the implementation and the implementation’s challenges may be more difficult to find.   Looking at a timeline of IMF policies, one can also deduce what was effective or not effective.   If a policy was ineffective, then in a later cycle we should find a correction or an abandonment of the program. The internal structure of the government and economy can also be viewed.   The way that money flows and what directions can be measured.   It is important to see structural change since the 1980’s.   The Nigerian government worked with the IMF to develop the National Economic and Empowerment Development Strategy in 2004.[2]   This document reviews previous policy and also lays the groundwork for future work between the IMF and the Nigerian government. This report focuses on structural changes – highlighting the importance of revamping the Nigerian economy. Additionally, looking at the basic economic unit – the household – can show structural changes ass well.   By looking at these structural changes, the real question about revamping the economy can be answered.   Of course, this type of analysis also looks at the indirect effects of economic change.   These are difficult to measure, but by tracing newspaper stories and major events in Nigeria, it may be possible to trace events back to economic policy decisions. Overall, the question of the effectiveness of the IMF’s policies to restructure the Nigerian economy is a very important question with implications for future policy consideration and also a deeper understanding of the past. Now that the world is becoming smaller and national boundaries are being crossed with money and policy, it is more important than ever to understand the impact of economic policy.   Additionally, with the prevalence of capitalism and modernization, the effects of economic policy on third world nations must have a thorough understanding. Reference List International Monetary Fund, The Nigerian Economic Reform Program, IMF, 2005, retrieved 10 January 2007 http://www.imf.org/external/country/NGA/index.htm    World Bank, The Evolution of Poverty and Welfare in Nigeria, 1985-92, World Bank, 1997, retrieved 10 November, 2007, http://www4.worldbank.org/afr/poverty/databank/DocNav/default.cfm [1] World Bank, The Evolution of Poverty and Welfare in Nigeria, 1985-92, World Bank, 1997, retrieved 10 November, 2007, http://www4.worldbank.org/afr/poverty/databank/DocNav/default.cfm [2] International Monetary Fund, The Nigerian Economic Reform Program, IMF, 2005, retrieved 10 January 2007 http://www.imf.org/external/country/NGA/index.htm

Eulogy for Grandfather :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Grandfather To my family, relatives and friends who knew Joseph, may the grace and peace of Almighty God the Father, His Son Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit be with you all. Although I can not be here today physically, I am here with you in spirit. I would like to share a few words about my grandfather, whom I loved very dearly. He was a man who loved his family very much and made the best of what he had to provide for them. During my lifetime, I observed how diligently my grandfather worked in the barbershop, in the garden and around the house. He would also go out to cut hair for those who were in the hospital, house bound and in the nursing home. I also observed his generosity when he would give friends and relatives food from his garden. He always had a kind word and gentle smile towards those whom he encountered. His charity, I am convinced, is an effect of his strong Catholic faith in our Lord Jesus Christ. Charity towards others is the greatest sign of God's presence in our lives. His charity overflowed into his family. He truly loved his wife, his children and grandchildren. Even when there would be disagreements in the family, he would be the fi rst one to put end to them. He always made it a point that peace should remain in the family no matter what would happen. These words of wisdom were made manifest by the 65 years of marriage he enjoyed. From the time I was born until the day I left for Rome last August, my grandfather had always cut my hair. As he cut my hair, he would tell me stories about Westerly, family matters, tending the garden and, of course, his birthplace Acri, which is situated in the center of Calabria, Italy. He would tell the same stories over and over to me, my father, my aunt and uncle and my cousins. He never tired of telling these stories and they always seem to bring a smile to his face. Now when I look back, these are the memories I have of him, of who he was, of what he did, and how he lived. In April of this year, I had the unique opportunity of traveling to Acri on a day trip. When I arrived in this small town situated in the mountains of Calabria, I began to see all the places my grandfather told me about when he used to cut my hair. Eulogy for Grandfather :: Eulogies Eulogy Eulogy for Grandfather To my family, relatives and friends who knew Joseph, may the grace and peace of Almighty God the Father, His Son Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit be with you all. Although I can not be here today physically, I am here with you in spirit. I would like to share a few words about my grandfather, whom I loved very dearly. He was a man who loved his family very much and made the best of what he had to provide for them. During my lifetime, I observed how diligently my grandfather worked in the barbershop, in the garden and around the house. He would also go out to cut hair for those who were in the hospital, house bound and in the nursing home. I also observed his generosity when he would give friends and relatives food from his garden. He always had a kind word and gentle smile towards those whom he encountered. His charity, I am convinced, is an effect of his strong Catholic faith in our Lord Jesus Christ. Charity towards others is the greatest sign of God's presence in our lives. His charity overflowed into his family. He truly loved his wife, his children and grandchildren. Even when there would be disagreements in the family, he would be the fi rst one to put end to them. He always made it a point that peace should remain in the family no matter what would happen. These words of wisdom were made manifest by the 65 years of marriage he enjoyed. From the time I was born until the day I left for Rome last August, my grandfather had always cut my hair. As he cut my hair, he would tell me stories about Westerly, family matters, tending the garden and, of course, his birthplace Acri, which is situated in the center of Calabria, Italy. He would tell the same stories over and over to me, my father, my aunt and uncle and my cousins. He never tired of telling these stories and they always seem to bring a smile to his face. Now when I look back, these are the memories I have of him, of who he was, of what he did, and how he lived. In April of this year, I had the unique opportunity of traveling to Acri on a day trip. When I arrived in this small town situated in the mountains of Calabria, I began to see all the places my grandfather told me about when he used to cut my hair.

Bringing the Jobs Home

The book under review is: â€Å"Bringing the Jobs Home† or â€Å"How the Left Created the Outsourcing Crisis–and How We Can Fix It†. In this book the author, Todd G. Buchholz, gives a conservative economist’s views on the origin of outsourcing of jobs meant for Americans to people in other countries, and how the trend can be reversed to return jobs to Americans in the United States. His analysis of the problem of outsourcing of jobs places the origin of the phenomenon squarely at the doorsteps of liberals, who he termed â€Å"The Left†.Todd G. Buchholz, to all intents and purposes, sees the problem of outsourcing of jobs from America to foreign countries not as a global phenomenon, deriving its origin from globalization; but as a problem contrived and sustained by American liberals and democrats, whose policies deprived American workers of their god-given rights to jobs in their own country. The critical questions one should ask are: What are the re al reasons that led American corporations to consider outsourcing of jobs? In what ways can the trend be reversed?If one objectively views Buchholz’s analysis of the origin of outsourcing problem as rather strange and ultraconservative, his recommended solutions to the problem are more than weird. In a world that is fast shrinking into one big global village, and where American cultural and economic influence have penetrated even the most remote outposts of human civilization, and in all areas of human endeavor; Todd G. Buchholz’s recipe for fixing the outsourcing crisis, are to say the least isolationist; a throwback to the era of American protectionism.Todd G. Buchholz’s views on solving the outsourcing crisis, when placed in the context of today’s world, are like driving a car in the reverse gear on an expressway. Description and Analysis Background Information about the author The author of the book Todd G. Buchholz is an internationally known economi st and financial expert. He once served as a director for economic policy to the United States president. He has also served as financial adviser to such well known investment companies as Goldman Sachs and Soros Fund.In addition Todd G. Buchholz has managed an investment that is famous worldwide. He has written for such top of the shelf newspapers as The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times among his many other publications on financial policy. Todd G. Buchholz has thrown new light onto old problems in the area of financial and economic management. One of his other well known books is: New Ideas from Dead Economics. Todd G. Buchholz is generally regarded as a well respected conservative economist.His views on economic policy directions are well known and sought after by companies and governments. Purpose of the Book The purpose for which Todd G. Buchholz wrote this book was to highlight the problem Americans have to face by the policy of outsourcing jobs to workers overseas to t he detriment of jobless Americans. Todd G. Buchholz attributes much of the problem to the policy of globalization which was initiated by previous governments of the United States controlled by the Democratic Party, which he collectively labeled â€Å"The Left†.Some of the unfavorable conditions emanating from wrong-headed policies of â€Å"The Left† which he felt led to the crisis of outsourcing of jobs by American companies include: an education system which continues to produce graduates who do not have the necessary competence required for modern job requirements; thus forcing American companies to look elsewhere for reliable workers; a suffocating tax regime which forces companies to pay for an over bloated social security programs; pro-union laws which restricts well educated foreigners of American Universities from staying back to work in the United States; and to compound it all, an American legal system that favors plaintiffs in frivolous lawsuits and which awa rds unnecessarily high financial damages against companies. Todd G.Buchholz’s solution to these problems, and which he claims will lead to reversal of direction of policy of outsourcing, is that legislation should be passed in all the problematic areas highlighted above in favor of protecting the free market tradition of the United States. Todd G. Buchholz first identified the root causes of why American companies and businesses outsource, as a combination of the negative effects of such societal forces as â€Å"nasty tax collectors, dull school bureaucrats, and sharp lawyers† which working together, force American companies to take their business overseas, where government policies and societal conditions are more favorable to free enterprise. He then gave the following recommendations: To reduce the high cost of hiring American workers, should legislate tax cuts and have less regulations on doing business in the United States. Todd G.Buchholz also advocates stricter education standards in American schools and colleges so as to improve the quality of graduates being churned out annually. He also recommends the reduction of the lawyer population in the United States through giving disincentives to American law practice, by restricting admission and raising standards required to qualify for admission to law schools and at the Bar. Significance of the work This book written by an expert who knows his onions is significant in many respects. By joining the debate on the vexed question of outsourcing of jobs overseas by American companies Todd G. Buchholz, has given us a fresh dimension to a problem which has now assumed a crisis dimension.American youths and older workers should not be put at such a terrible disadvantage by what has now come to be seen as wrong headed government and policies. Government of the United States needs to do more to give incentives to American companies wishing to continue business operations at home. Review of Critical Qu estions The two critical questions poised at the onset are: What are the real reasons that led American corporations to consider outsourcing of jobs? In what ways can the trend be reversed? From the analysis of Todd G. Buchholz’s work, it is obvious that there is a crisis of underemployment of labor in the United states due to outsourcing of jobs overseas by American companies.Moreover, urgent steps need to be taken to reverse the trend, and to encourage American businesses to bring back outsourced jobs to the United States. Todd G. Buchholz’s work addresses these two questions. His remedies, though conservative in outlook, give us a starting point in addressing the issues raised in his book. Summary In summary, Todd G. Buchholz has given us a starting point in frontally confronting the crisis of outsourcing jobs overseas by American companies which face daunting problems of overpricing of incompetent labor at home in addition to government interference in business and labor matters. Reference Buchholz, Todd G: Bringing the Jobs Home: How the Left Created the Outsourcing Crisis–and How We Can Fix It, Sentinel HC, 2004